Download Chapter 11 The Jackson Era (1824

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How do you think the president
should be chosen?
A. By the current system
with an electoral college
B. By the popular vote
of the people
C. By the Congress
A. A
B. B
C. C
Chapter 11 The Jackson Era
(1824-1845)
Section 1 Jacksonian Democracy
Chapter 11 The Jackson Era
(1824-1845)
Learning Objectives
8.55 Explain the events and impact of the presidency of Andrew Jackson,
including the “corrupt bargain,” the advent of Jacksonian Democracy, his
use of the spoils system and the veto, his battle with the Bank of the
United States, the Nullification Crisis and the Indian removal. (C, E, G, H,
P, TN)
8.56 Analyze the contributions of Sequoyah to the Cherokee. (C, TN)
8.57 Write a narrative piece that describes the impact of the Indian
Removal Act of 1830 and the struggle between the Cherokee Nation and
the United States government and cites evidence from primary source
accounts of the Trail of Tears. (C, G, H, TN)
Chapter Time Line
Chapter Time Line
How did political beliefs and events
shape Andrew Jackson’s presidency?
James Monroe Leaves Office
• From 1816 and 1824,
the US had only one
political party
• The Republicans
• James Monroe refused
to run for a third term
• Four candidates from
the party ran for
president
• The candidates views
different and they
represented different
regions
Candidates of 1824
• The Party nominated William
H. Crawford, a former
congressmen from Georgia
• The other three were favorite
sons (Backed by their home
states instead of a party)
• Andrew Jackson came from
Tennessee (West) and war
hero
• Henry Clay from Kentucky
(West) and Speaker of the
House of Representatives
• John Quincy Adams from
Massachusetts (Northeast)
and son of former son John
Adams
Who won the Republican Party nomination
in the presidential election of 1824?
A. William Crawford
B. Andrew Jackson
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D
A
0%
A
B
C
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D
C
D. John Quincy Adams
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
C. Henry Clay
The Election of 1824
• Jackson received the
largest number of
popular votes
• But, no one received a
majority of the electoral
vote
• Jackson won a plurality
• According to the 12th
Amendment, when no
candidate receives a
majority of electoral
voted, the House of
Reps selects the
president
The House Decides
• Henry Clay met with John
Quincy Adams
• Clay agreed to use his
influence as Speaker of
the House to defeat
Jackson
• In return, Clay hoped to
gain popularity as
secretary of state
• With Clay’s help, Adams
was elected president
• Adams quickly named
Clay secretary of state
(traditionally a stepping
stone to the presidency)
• Jackson’s followers
accused the two men of
making a “corrupt bargain”
and stealing the election
The Adams Presidency
• Adams and Clay denied any
wrongdoings
• The charge of “corrupt
wrongdoing” cast a shadow
over Adams presidency
• Adams had an ambitious
program of legislation
• Also improving roads and
waterways
• Adams wanted to have a
national university
• Adams proposals horrified
his opponents who wanted a
more limited role for the
federal government
• In the end, Congress granted
money for improving rivers,
harbors, and roads
The Republican Party
• By 1824, the Republican
Party split
• Democratic-Republicans
supported Jackson
• National Republicans
supported Adams
• Jackson’s “Democrats”
favored states’ rights and
mistrusted strong central
government
• Many Democrats were
people from the frontier,
immigrants, or workers in
the big cities
The National Republicans
• Wanted a strong central
government
• Supported federal
measures like road
building and the Bank
of the United States
• They believed this
would help the
economy
• Many were merchants
or farmers
Campaign of 1828
• Both partied resorted to
mudslinging (insults)
• Adams was accused of
betraying the people
• The Democrats said the
election was a contest
“between an honest
patriotism, and an unholy,
selfish ambition, on the
other.”
• The National Republicans
fought back with a song
embarrassing incidents of
Jackson’s life
• John C. Calhoun, Adams’
Vice President, switched
parties to run with Jackson
• Jackson won an
overwhelming victory
“Old Hickory”
• Like many of his
supporters, Jackson
was born in a log
cabin
• He was a war hero
• His troops called him
“Old Hickory”
because he was as
tough as a hickory
stick
• Many felt that
Jackson’s rise from a
log cabin to the White
House demonstrated
the American
success story
Who could vote in the presidential
elections of the 1820s?
A. Females
B. African Americans
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. Native Americans
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
C. White males
New Voters
• President Jackson promised “equal
protection and equal benefits” for all
Americans
• At least for all white American men
• During his first term, a spirit of
equality spread throughout American
politics
• Many states loosened the restrictions
for voting (Owning property)
• Democracy expanded as people who
had not been allowed to vote
became new voters
• More men participated in the
political process
• Women could not vote. African
Americans and Native Americans
had few rights of any kind
• 22 of the 24 states changed their
constitutions to allow the people to
choose presidential electors
The Spoils System
• Democrats wanted more
ordinary people in government
jobs
• They felt that the federal
government had become a
bureaucracy (a system in which
nonelected officials carry out
laws)
• Jackson replaced workers with
his supporters
• The fired employees protesting,
saying Jackson was acting like
a tyrant
• One Jackson supporter said: “To
the victors belong the spoils”
• The practice of replacing
government employees with the
winner’s supporters is called the
spoils system
Electoral Changes
• Jackson’s supporters
abandoned the
unpopular caucus
(Candidates chosen by
Congress)
• Nominating conventions
replaced them
• Delegates from the
states chose the party’s
presidential candidate
• This allowed many
people to participate in
selecting candidates
The Tariff Debate
• A high tariff on European
manufactured goods pleased
Northeastern factory owners
• By making European goods
more expensive, more
American made goods would
be sold
• Southerners hated it because
tariffs meant higher prices
• John C. Calhoun argued that
a state had the right to nullify
(cancel) a federal law if it was
considered to be against state
interests
• Daniel Webster (North)
disagreed, claiming that
nullification would destroy the
Union
How would Northeastern factory owners react
to a high tariff?
A. They would be upset and
oppose high tariffs.
0%
D
C
D. They would consume more
European products.
B
C. They would be very pleased.
A. A
B. B
0% C 0%
0% C.
D. D
A
B. They would decrease
production of goods.
Nullification
• Jackson spoke to
Calhoun- “Our federal
Union… must be
preserved”
• Calhoun responded“The Union- next to our
liberty, most dear”
• Calhoun meant that the
Union must take second
place to a state’s liberty
to overrule the
Constitution if its
interests were
threatened
• 1832- Congress lowered
the tariff, but the
protests from the South
continued
South Carolina’s Response
• South Carolina passed the
Nullification Act, declaring it
would not pay the “illegal”
tariffs of 1828 and 1832
• South Carolina threatened
to secede if the government
interfered
• To ease the crisis, Jackson
backed a bill that would
gradually lower the tariff
• Jackson also had Congress
pass the Force Bill, allowing
him to use the military to
enforce acts of Congress
• South Carolina accepted the
new tariff, but nullified the
Force Bill
How did political beliefs and events
shape Andrew Jackson’s presidency?
-Limiting the strength of the federal
government
-States’ rights
-Broadening democracy
-Spoils system
-Nullification challenged his ideas
John C. Calhoun believed that states had a
right to nullify acts of the federal
government.
A. True
B. False
Presidential candidates who receive the
backing of their home states rather than that
of the national party are called
A. home state
candidates.
B. national party
candidates.
C. favorite son
candidates.
D. state party
candidates.
Andrew Jackson's supporters
replaced caucuses with
A. selection
meetings.
B. state conventions.
C. delegate
conventions.
D. nominating
conventions.
The only Americans allowed to
vote in 1824 and 1828 were
A. African
Americans.
B. white men.
C. white women.
D. all of the above.
What law allowed the president to use the
United States military to enforce acts of
Congress?
A. Military Act
B. Presidential Act
C. Congressional Bill
D. Force Bill