Download 62 The Cold War Begins

THE COLD WAR READING
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Global II
The Cold War and
European Recovery
Ch 33, Sec 1
The Cold War Begins
Pg 712 - 719
Objectives
16.1 What did the wartime conferences
decide?
16.2 How did the U.S. respond to the
expansion of Soviet influence?
16.3 Why did Berlin become a focal point
of the Cold War?
Lesson Launch
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Please discuss the following:
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What is this picture trying to demonstrate about Stalin & his
ambitions?
Why might the “West” feel a threat from the “East”?
Wartime Conferences
1.
Atlantic Charter (Feb. 1941)
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Goal: Self-determination for all countries ~
post WWII
Agreed upon by Churchill & Roosevelt
[Guiding principle of US foreign policy Post WWII Era]
2.
Tehran, Iran (Nov. 1943)
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Plans for invasion of France
Division of Poland & Germany post WWII
Wartime Conferences
3. Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945)
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1.
2.
3.
Big Three – Winston Churchill, FDR, Stalin
USSR would join the United Nations.
Divide Germany into 4 “zones”
Help the freed peoples of Europe to:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
maintain law and order
carry out emergency relief measures
set up governments
hold free elections
Occupation of Germany

West Germany
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East Germany
Controlled by G.B.
USA & France
Rebuild economy
Create stable gov’t
Denazification
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Removal of all
traces of Nazism in
Germany
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Controlled by Soviet
Russia (USSR)
No sympathy
Punish Germans for
WWII
Dismantle Industry

Sent to Soviet Union
to help rebuild
USSR!
Origins of the Cold War
U.S.A
1946
Diplomatic Protests
“Iron Curtain Speech”
1947
Military Aid to Greece and
Turkey (Truman Doctrine)
1947
European Recovery Act
(Marshall Plan)
1948
Berlin Airlift
1949
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NAT0)
U.S.S.R
Keep Troops in Iran
Pressure on Turkey
Aid to Greek Communists
Economic Aid to Eastern Europe –
Molotov Plan
Blockade of Berlin
Eastern Europe military Alliance: later
called Warsaw Pact - 1955
The Cold War Winston Churchill’s
“Iron Curtain Speech”
Iron Curtain
Speech Study
Questions
1. Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights[English], the
Habeus Corpus, trial by jury, and English
Common Law, most famous American
Declaration of Independence
2. Marshal Stalin [Joseph Stalin]
3. to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has
descended across the Continent [Europe]
4. the fruits of war and expansion of their power
and doctrines
Iron Curtain
Speech Study
Questions
5. Strength
weakness, especially
military weakness
6. The Sinews of Peace
“Iron Curtain”
7. The United Nations
Cold War

Def: A state of tension & hostility among nations w/o
armed conflict
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Soviet Union
1.
2.
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Spread of communism necessary for Soviet security
Communism must triumph over capitalism throughout the
world
USA
1.
2.
Expansion of Soviet power a threat to the safety of the free
world
Containment:

Policy where the U.S. tries to prevent the Soviet Union from
expanding beyond its boarders
Both Countries build up military (“Arms Race”) in
fear & reaction to the other
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
compete economically & Militarily
Review Time!!
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What did the Yalta Conference decide?
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What are some differences between
East & West Germany?
Soviet Satellites/Bloc
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Behind The “IRON CURTAIN”
Def: Communist-dominated nations of Eastern
Europe – Extensions of Soviet Communist Power!
(a)
(b)
(c)
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Dictatorships
Communist economies
Denied civil liberties
Soviet Russian Control
(a)
(b)
“Advised” by USSR
Tied to Russian trade agreements
(a)
(c)
(d)
COMECON – Communist Economic Assistance from USSR
Russian military forces present
Warsaw Pact
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Military alliance of Soviet Bloc
US Policy toward
Communism
“Containment”
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Try to keep USSR to current boundaries & Influence
Truman Doctrine
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Aid all people fighting a
foreign oppressor
Examples:
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Berlin Blockade & Berlin
Airlift
Korean War
Vietnam War
Cuban Missile Crisis
SALT I & II
NATO
Military Presence
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Guantanamo Bay (Cuba)
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Marshall Plan
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Economic aid to
strengthen any
economy – help
economic recovery!
Reasons:
1.
2.
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Feared economic
collapse…lead to
communism
Future trade partners
Examples:
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$13 Billion to Europe
$400 Million to Greece
US Policy toward Communism
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Containment Summary

US policy during the Cold War Era. The goal
was to prevent the spread of communism & the
U.S.S.R.’s influence. The Truman Doctrine
(support countries fighting a foreign aggressor)
and Marshall Plan (financial aid to strengthen
economies) were central parts of Containment.
The Korean & Vietnam Wars were Cold War
conflicts due to the US policy of Containment.
Cold War Alliances
1.Answers vary – US, CAN, UK
2.Answers vary – USSR, POL, CZECH
3.Answers vary – SWITZ, AUST, YUGO
NEUTRAL NATIONS
1959 World map of alignments:
NATO member states
Other allies of the USA
Colonized countries
Warsaw Pact member states
Other allies of the USSR
Non-aligned nations
Cold War Events
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Conflict over Berlin/Germany
Problem:
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1.
2.
3.
Soviet Solution
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Last Wall,
known as
the “Wall”
US Response
Blockade of Berlin in 1948 1. Berlin Airlift
1961 Built the Berlin Wall – Under Nikita
Khrushchev (Soviet Ruler after Stalin)
Anti- Column Control Lighting
vehicle Track
Track System
Trench
Watch
Towers
Other
Barriers
Signal
Fence
Back
-land
Wall
1 - East Berlin
2.
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2 – Border area
1.
West
Berlin
Soviet fear of German reunification
Berlin is a “capitalist” star in a sea of
Communism
Many “East Germans” defecting through
Berlin.
Closure
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On what three things the wartime
conferences decide?
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How did the U.S. respond to Soviet
Expansion?
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Why was Berlin a focal point of the Cold
War?
Homework
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Divided Berlin
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Pg 716