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System components Analysis & Process Design
OUTPUT
BIOTIC
PROFIT
ABIOTIC
INPUT
SYSTEM analysis to increase Biosystem Productivity (PROFIT ) by
Engineering and Management DESIGN of biotic and abiotic factor , to
increase output and minimize input .
SYSTEM DESIGN TO INCRESE
productivity
• Measurement and Monitoring of
parameters
• Abiotic and Biotic factors
• Input and Output variables
• Management intervention
• Structural intervention
Intervention to system
•
•
•
•
•
• Structural
Intervention
Redesign of physical
environment
Build new
infrastructure
New engine
Installation of barrier
Generally for
ABIOTIC factor
• Management
Intervention
• Rescheduling of
processing time
• Better monitoring
• Organize the worker
Generally related to
BIOTIC factor.
METHOD IN PROFIT MAKING($$$).
BIOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY.
( SIMPLIFIED SOLUTION.)
OUTPUT
Processing
limitation
BIOTIC
$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$
Biotic factors
limitation
INPUT
Reduction
Input
Limitation
ABIOTIC
ABIOTIC Factors
Limitation
METHOD To increase PRODUCTIVITY.
Analytical framework for system design and
Improvement.
( SIMPLIFIED SOLUTION.)
MAX OUTPUT
PROCESSING
LOST
Efficient
processing
Crop biological
potential
$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$
BIOTIC Factor
Limiting
MIN INPUT
COSTLY
ABIOTIC Factor
Limiting
Good
Infrastructure,
climatic control
METHOD To IMPROVEME SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE
ROLE OF WATER MANAGEMENT.
( SIMPLIFIED SOLUTION.)
OUTPUT
Yield limit due wet
condition
Harvest on hot/dry
days
Crop biological
potential
Inadequate
Basic plant
Water
Requirement
Water Management
Problems
$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$
INPUT
Minimize Water use
Good Irrigation &
Drainage Infra.
WATER
COST
WATER the most Limiting factor to
Plant growth ( Primary Productivity)
• Without water no Photosynthesis, no life.
• In Plant growth adequate water must be
met to ensure optimum growth
• Availability of water is express in term
• Soil moisture ,meeting full plant
requirement
• Inadequate water lead to Plant Stress
• Referred as Abiotic stress or
Environmental Stress
Soil moisture ,
meeting full plant requirement
• Meeting potential transpiration
• If PAW is inadequate transpiration is
suboptimal  so is growth under stress.
• Relationship Transpiration ( T)
• and Yield [Y]( Biological Productivity, Dry
Matter)
Relationship T & Y
• Ypot = Tpot
• Yact= Tact
• Yact/Ypot= Tact/Tpot.
• Yact = Ypot (Tact/Tpot)
• Reduction in Yield = ( 1- Tact/Tpot)
Evapotranspiration
• Evaporation from soil surface of crop area
• And Transpiration from the crop
Under field condition
Yield [Y] ~ Evapotranspiration [ ET]
Ypot ~ET pot
Yact ~ ET act
Yact/Ypot = ETact/ ETpot
• Yact = Y pot ( ETact/ETpot)
• Ypot- Yact = 1- ETact/ETpot)
AIR CUKUP
TAMPANG
MASUK ISI
KESEMUA
BUNTING
PERATUS HASIL POTENSI
120
Non Limiting
100
Vegetative
80
Grain Filling
60
Booting
40
All stages
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
HARI SELEPAS TANAM
Yield Reduction due to Water Deficit
100
120
Structural Intervention in High
Density Mango Orchard by
introduction of micro irrigation
To reduce crop water stress.
Yield Component Analysis
• Output = yield
• Immediate input to yield is the COMPONENTS
to make up the Yield.
• Yield component analysis shows components
limiting the potential yield due to abiotic stress.
• Objectives :to redesign the production process
to increase final harvest (Yield) by input
manipulation.
Yield Component Analysis
• Yield = mass / unit area;
•
mass/ unit time;
•
volume / time or area
• Example:
• Rice (grain) 10 ton/hectare ( 10 t/ha)
•
kg/m2,
Yield Component Analysis
No of Plant / unit Area ( m2)= A
Yield sample Area
No of panicles / plant = B
No of fruit /panicles = C
Average weight of fruit (kg) = D
Yield = AxBxCxD = Ykg/m2
A
Yield /ha = 10000 Y
B
[ 10000m2 = 1 ha.
Yield Component Analysis
Yield sample Area
SIMPLIFIED YIELD ESTIMATE:
RICE
Number of Panicles /unit area= A
Average Grain Wt /panicles (kg) = D
Yield = AxD = Ykg/m2
A
D= Grain weight /panicles
Yield /ha = 10000 Y
[ 10 000m2 = 1 ha.]