Download The rise of Totalitarianism

The Rise of Totalitarianism
Standard 10.7.3
Standard 10.7.3
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Analyze the rise, aggression, and human
costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and
Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the
Soviet Union, noting especially their
common and dissimilar traits.
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Essential Question: What did all of the
totalitarian dictators have in common?
Vocabulary
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Totalitarian state
Benito Mussolini
March on Rome
Fascism
Joseph Stalin
Adolf Hitler
Mein Kampf
Gestapo
Benito Mussolini~ II Duce
• Mad about not getting lands in the
1919 Paris Peace Conference
• Huge post-war economic &
unemployment problems
The Leader
I will make Italy
great again!
Mussolini’s Rise
• Secret Police~ Black Shirts~ fascist gangs used
violence & terror
• March on Rome (1922)~ fearing civil war, King Victor
Emmanuel III stepped down allowing Mussolini to
become the prime minister
• Controlled society: outlawed political parties, jailed
opponents, censored radio/publications, black shirts
Partner A
• Who were the Black Shirts?
Partner B
• Discuss some of the ways Mussolini
controlled the masses in Italy?
Adolf Hitler~ Der Fuhrer
• National Socialist
German Workers’ Party.
(Nazi~ brand of fascism)
• Gestapo~ Secret police
The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923
attempt to seize power in Munich
failed.
Hitler in Landsberg Prison
[My Struggle]
• Blueprint for Nazis (National
Socialist)
• Aryans are master race (Jews
are parasites)
• Treaty of Versailles an outrage
• Germany needs more
Lebensraum (living space)
Partner A
• What were some of Hitler’s justifications
for hating Jews?
Partner B
• Why did he find the Treaty of Versailles to
be an outrage?
Hitler
• 1932- Nazis largest political party.
• 1933- Pres. Paul von Hindenburg named Hitler
chancellor of Germany.
• Enabling act~ Hitler demanded absolute power for 4
years.
– Revived economy/rebuild armed forces.
August 1934~ Pres. Hindenburg died
Hitler combined the role of Pres. & Chancellor
Joseph Stalin
 Communism~ everything controlled by the
state
 CHEKA~ Secret Police
 The Great Purge (1934) killed anyone who
threatened his absolute power (dissidents)~ 4
million
 Stalin industrialized the USSR
 Propaganda/Censorship/Russification
 War on Religion~ replace religion with
communist ideology
Partner A
• What was Stalin’s Great Purge?
 Five Year Plan (1928)
 Goal: transform USSR from agriculture to
industrial based
 Collective Farms
 State owned farms that were operated by groups of
peasants
 Gulags (kulaks)
Partner B
• Discuss Stalin’s goals for his 5 Year Plan?
Building a Totalitarian State
 Totalitarian~
where the state, controlled by 1
person/class, recognizes no limits to its
authority & strives to regulate every aspect
of life

(Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, and Communist
U.S.S.R)
 Command
Economy~ gov. made all basic
economic decisions (no individual
ownership/opposite of capitalism)
Emperor Hirohito
General Tojo (ordered attack on Pearl Harbor)
• Type of Government: Militaristic
• Goal: expansion in the west & control all of Asia
– lacked the natural resources needed to further industrialize