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The Rise of Totalitarianism Standard 10.7.3 Standard 10.7.3 • Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting especially their common and dissimilar traits. • Essential Question: What did all of the totalitarian dictators have in common? Vocabulary • • • • • • • • Totalitarian state Benito Mussolini March on Rome Fascism Joseph Stalin Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf Gestapo Benito Mussolini~ II Duce • Mad about not getting lands in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference • Huge post-war economic & unemployment problems The Leader I will make Italy great again! Mussolini’s Rise • Secret Police~ Black Shirts~ fascist gangs used violence & terror • March on Rome (1922)~ fearing civil war, King Victor Emmanuel III stepped down allowing Mussolini to become the prime minister • Controlled society: outlawed political parties, jailed opponents, censored radio/publications, black shirts Partner A • Who were the Black Shirts? Partner B • Discuss some of the ways Mussolini controlled the masses in Italy? Adolf Hitler~ Der Fuhrer • National Socialist German Workers’ Party. (Nazi~ brand of fascism) • Gestapo~ Secret police The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923 attempt to seize power in Munich failed. Hitler in Landsberg Prison [My Struggle] • Blueprint for Nazis (National Socialist) • Aryans are master race (Jews are parasites) • Treaty of Versailles an outrage • Germany needs more Lebensraum (living space) Partner A • What were some of Hitler’s justifications for hating Jews? Partner B • Why did he find the Treaty of Versailles to be an outrage? Hitler • 1932- Nazis largest political party. • 1933- Pres. Paul von Hindenburg named Hitler chancellor of Germany. • Enabling act~ Hitler demanded absolute power for 4 years. – Revived economy/rebuild armed forces. August 1934~ Pres. Hindenburg died Hitler combined the role of Pres. & Chancellor Joseph Stalin Communism~ everything controlled by the state CHEKA~ Secret Police The Great Purge (1934) killed anyone who threatened his absolute power (dissidents)~ 4 million Stalin industrialized the USSR Propaganda/Censorship/Russification War on Religion~ replace religion with communist ideology Partner A • What was Stalin’s Great Purge? Five Year Plan (1928) Goal: transform USSR from agriculture to industrial based Collective Farms State owned farms that were operated by groups of peasants Gulags (kulaks) Partner B • Discuss Stalin’s goals for his 5 Year Plan? Building a Totalitarian State Totalitarian~ where the state, controlled by 1 person/class, recognizes no limits to its authority & strives to regulate every aspect of life (Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, and Communist U.S.S.R) Command Economy~ gov. made all basic economic decisions (no individual ownership/opposite of capitalism) Emperor Hirohito General Tojo (ordered attack on Pearl Harbor) • Type of Government: Militaristic • Goal: expansion in the west & control all of Asia – lacked the natural resources needed to further industrialize