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Welcome to The GEMP Learning Excellence Programme 2010 Successful Learning Strategies …that will enhance your academic achievement 1 GEMP Learning Excellence Learning & Language Tatiana Sosznianin 083 307 6477 - 011 717 2334 2 GEMP Learning Excellence Objectives By the end of this Course you will be able to: •Develop a personalised learning plan in harmony with own learning style •Read for Understanding •Summarise important concepts given in learning material •Write with clarity and purpose •Create Metacogs® and use for learning & revision •Use mnemonics to aid memory •Develop strong long term memory and recall •Practice sound exam techniques and manage stress • Assess own academic literacy level Practice medical 3 terminology using relevant websites GEMP Learning Excellence The Frame: Learn Well 4 Life Video on the EISH Website: http://eish.health.wits.ac.za/learn/default.html Start Smart • Self Study • Motivation • In Class • Time Management and balance • Organise • Wellness and Stress • Problem Solve • Tests and Exams 4 GEMP Learning Excellence Bees make honey… Humans make… Thoughts As humans we are thinkers by nature, that’s how we learn It is deep in our essence It is in our DNA Gerald Angelo Cirrincione: TAPT Programme (Prof Merlyn Mehl) 5 GEMP Learning Excellence Awareness about our thinking and our learning we call Meta Cognition… Thinking about how we think and how we learn To enhance our Learning Plan 6 GEMP Learning Excellence What practices do these cognitive Discuss in your groups processes involve? •Gather precise information •Seek Clarity •Analyse •Reason logically Consider more than 1 source of info. These skills you can transfer to any learning: 7 Assignments, Research, Exams. Practice them! GEMP Learning Excellence So… how do we build memory? * Show How Neurons Work video clip From the centre out 8 GEMP Learning Excellence So… how do we build memory? Our brain extracts patterns of meaning from a confusion of stimuli, a process truly successful when both sides of the brain are involved. The left (logical)* and The right (artistic)* hemispheres. Lets see what Tony Buzan says. (Show Tony Buzan’s Both Sides of the Brain video clip) 9 GEMP Learning Excellence So…We build memory by THINKING! To do all this the brain needs… INTERACTION TIME! Therefore… The more we think about the new information the better the memory we build. This means going over material we need to learn many 10 times in many interesting and different ways. GEMP Learning Excellence Short Term Memory * The brain has a built-in way of dealing with the results of poor learning or memory building • Every 24 to 48 hours it vacuum cleans unstable memory into the recycle bin * •We call this forgetting…* • That’s why cramming for exams doesn’t work * 11 GEMP Learning Excellence Deep and Surface Learning • Deep Learning involves the critical analysis of new ideas, linking them to already known concepts and principles. • Deep Learning leads to understanding and long term retention of concepts so they can be used for problem solving in unfamiliar context. • Deep learning promotes understanding and application for life. 12 GEMP Learning Excellence Deep and Surface Learning • Surface Learning is the tacit acceptance of information and memorisation as isolated and unlinked facts. • Surface learning leads to superficial retention of material for examinations. • Surface learning and does nor promote understanding or long term retention of knowledge and information. 13 GEMP Learning Excellence Deep and Surface Learning • Both have a place in a well designed personal learning strategy. • BUT Deep Learning should be the dominant approach. What are typical characteristics of Deep and Surface Learning? • Draw a table with two columns and list some. 14 GEMP Learning Excellence Reading to Understand is Key: •What do you do when you are looking for information quickly in a book, or looking for a telephone number? •Effective reading requires your eyes to move a certain way. (Saccadic Eye Movement). * •Using a pacer makes eye movements feel smoother and more definite. Allows you to to read larger groups of words with their meaning intact. 15 GEMP Learning Excellence Reading to Understand is Key: • Read in chunks of information, between 1 and 3 sentences at a time, using a pacer to build good memory. • How do you eat an elephant? • Not all at once! • Read with a positive attitude. Interact with what you read! • The Golden Rule: Ask, Answer, Discuss. • Auditory stimulation dramatically reduces the chances of mistakes in understanding. 16 Learning Excellence READING RATE (Decoding speed) WHY AUTOMATICITY IS IMPORTANT? • Too fast = miss important information • Too slow = jeopardises efficient comprehension; effortful; reduces enjoyment, disjointed words – bits and pieces in STM; not enough information available Comprehension is difficult if word-for-word reading still occurs –90 wpm makes comprehension almost impossible Cognitive Linguistic Process • We are wired to acquire spoken language, but reading and writing we have to learn • Reading uses Left Brain Structures not used when we speak • Reading uses Right Brain Visual (occipital parts of the brain) and Neuronal Networks must be laid down • This is how we acquire Automatic Word Recognition so our reading becomes quicker. 17 Learning Excellence READING RATE (Decoding speed) What reading speed to aim for? • First Language English Speakers read complex academic text at 250 wpm, with understanding intact. • First Language English Speakers should be reading at least 180 / 200 wpm. • Second Language English Speakers should be reading at least 140 / 160 wpm.. And more… How to improve? Build Up Your Brain’s Processing Capacity • • • • More reading leads to automatic word recognition Use a pacer to move eyes more smoothly over text Build vocabulary to increase automatic word recognition 18 Read, read, read…actively. Use a pacer. Build vocabulary. Learning Excellence Understanding depends on building the specialised vocabulary of your field! Look up terms you don’t understand. Make your own glossary in a pocket note book & review often. Website For assessing your academic vocabulary level: http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/r21270/levels/ 19 GEMP Learning Excellence Understanding depends on building the specialised vocabulary of your field! Look up terms you don’t understand. Make your own glossary in a pocket note book & review often. Website For assessing your academic vocabulary level: http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/r21270/levels/ 20 GEMP Learning Excellence Build up your Medical Terminology Websites that will help: http://www.studystack.com/studytable -60640 http://ec.hku.hk/mt/ http://www.lib.purdue.edu/vetmed/inst /svmleader/talk101.html Short Break 21 GEMP Learning Excellence How do you know when you have internalised knowledge? Through Understanding. You know you’ve Understood when…. •You can express knowledge of facts, dates, concepts •You can do tasks, demonstrate •You can reveal insight by answering essential questions •You can conclude, decide, justify, predict •So Practice by teaching / explaining to others! 22 GEMP Learning Excellence 7 Intelligences What is your profile? Einstein Do you learn using all your Seven Intelligences to harmonise your right and left Do profile brain skills? * 23 Learning Excellence http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ ftp/client_ftp/ks3/ict/multiple_int/questio ns/choose_lang.cfm Multiple Intelligences on-line Questionnaire for Howard Gardiner’s Multiple Intelligence Profile. • The 7 Multiple intelligences are: Linguistic, Logical / Mathematical, Visual / Spatial, Body / Kinesthetic, Interpersonal and Intrapersonal. • See Notes for how to use the site on EISH: http://eish.health.wits.ac.za 24 Learning Excellence Linguistic Intelligence: •Dominance means you build memory through words. •You like using words, word games, reading, debating, writing stories. •You learn languages easily. You have a good memory for names and dates. •You like to entertain and instruct. •You learn best by saying, hearing and seeing words. 25 Learning Excellence Logical/Mathematical Intelligence: • Dominance means you build memory through reasoning • You like numbers, reasoning in a precise manner & manipulating numbers, quantities and operations • You like being disciplined • You like to experiment and figure things out. • You learn best by categorising, classifying, working with abstract 26 patterns/relationships Learning Excellence Spatial / Visual Intelligence: • Dominance means you build memory through abstract language and imagery. • You like hands on activities, learn by seeing and doing. • You recognise faces but don’t remember names as well. • You like to draw. Build, design and create things • You like thinking in pictures and visualise details easily. • You navigate traffic well, are good at reading maps. • You learn best by visualising, using the mind’s eye, working with colours and pictures. 27 Learning Excellence Musical Intelligence: •Dominance means you build memory through rhythm and sound. •You like music, keeping in time to music, humming tunes, playing an instrument, composing music, singing. •You are good at remembering melodies and keeping time •You tap your foot, fingers or pen when working or learning. •You learn best by rhythm, melody and music 28 Learning Excellence Kinaesthetic Intelligence: • Dominance means you build memory through movement. • You have good coordination, like to dance, demonstrate balance, grace and precision in physical tasks. • You like to move around, touch and talk and use body language. • You like to do things, invent new approaches to physical skills, to move when thinking. • You learn best by touching, interacting with space and processing knowledge through bodily 29 sensations. Learning Excellence Interpersonal Intelligence: • Dominance means you build memory through bouncing ideas off other people. • You have natural empathy and need contact with others. • You like have friends, talk to people, mediate, resolve conflicts, mentor, join groups. • You are good at organising and communicating. • You learn best by sharing, comparing, relating, cooperating and interviewing (discussing). 30 GEMP Learning Excellence Intrapersonal Intelligence: •Dominance means you build memory through introspection and reflection. •You like solitude, work well independently and to pursue your won interests. •You need time alone to reflect for learning. •You are good at understanding self, focusing inwards, following instincts. •You like empowering & encouraging others. •You learn best by working alone, having your own space and self paced instruction.31 GEMP Learning Excellence Did you know? Using all your 7 intelligences, through your dominant ones, promotes your Emotional Intelligence Emotional Intelligence (EI) describes the ability, capacity, skill to identify, assess, and manage the emotions of one's self, of others, and of groups. http://psychology.about.com/library/quiz/bl_eq_quiz.htm? http://www.ihhp.com/quiz.php 32 GEMP Learning Excellence Learning Styles: Felder & Soloman Active and Reflective Learners •Active learners tend to retain and understand information best by doing something active with it, discussing or applying it or explaining it to others. • Reflective learners prefer to think about it quietly first. (Which multiple intelligence does this link to?) •Active learners tend to like group work more than reflective learners, who prefer working alone. Richard Felder’s Learning Styles: http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/I LSpage.html and learning styles information 33 http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/learningstyles/ilsweb.html GEMP Learning Excellence Everybody is Active sometimes and Reflective sometimes Your preference for one category or the other may be strong, moderate, or mild. A balance of the two is desirable. 34 GEMP Learning Excellence How can active learners help themselves? • Studying in a group… • Work with others… • Find ways to do something with information so... How can reflective learners help themselves? • Not simply reading or memorising the material, but… • You might find it helpful to write short summaries of readings or class notes in your own words. 35 GEMP Learning Excellence Sensing and Intuitive Learners • Sensing learners tend to like learning facts. They often like solving problems by well established methods and dislike complications and surprises • Intuitive learners often prefer discovering possibilities and relationships. They like innovation and dislike repetition. • Sensors tend to be patient with details and good at memorising facts and doing hands-on, laboratory work. • Intuitors may be better at grasping new concepts and are often more comfortable than sensors with abstractions and mathematical formulations. 36 GEMP Learning Excellence Everybody is sensing sometimes and intuitive sometimes. Your preference for one or the other may be strong, moderate, or mild. To be effective as a learner and problem solver, you need to be able to function both ways 37 GEMP Learning Excellence How can sensing learners help themselves? • Sensors remember and understand information best if they can see how it connects to the real world. • Ask for specific examples of concepts and procedures, and… How can intuitive learners help themselves? • If you are an intuitor and you happen to be in a class that deals primarily with memorization and rote substitution in formulas, you may have trouble with boredom. • Ask for interpretations or theories that link the facts, or try to find the 38 connections yourself. GEMP Learning Excellence Visual and Verbal Learners • Visual learners remember best what they see: pictures, diagrams, flow charts, time lines, films, and demonstrations. • Verbal learners get more out of words: written and spoken explanations. • Everyone learns more when information is presented both visually and verbally. 39 GEMP Learning Excellence How can visual learners help themselves? • Try to find diagrams, sketches, schematics, photographs, flow charts, or … • Prepare a concept map by listing key points, enclosing them in boxes or circles, and drawing lines with arrows between concepts to show connections. Color code… How can verbal learners help themselves? • Write summaries or outlines of course material in your own words. • Working in groups is particularly effective40 GEMP Learning Excellence Sequential and Global Learners • Sequential learners tend to gain understanding in linear steps, with each step following logically from the previous one. Sequential learners tend to follow logical stepwise paths in finding solutions • Global learners tend to learn in large jumps, absorbing material almost randomly without seeing connections, and then suddenly "getting it." 41 GEMP Learning Excellence How can sequential learners help themselves? • If you are a sequential learner and you have an instructor who jumps around from topic to topic or skips steps, you may have difficulty following and remembering. • Try to fill in the skipped steps yourself by consulting references or ask. When you are studying, take the time to outline the lecture material for yourself in logical order. How can global learners help themselves? • If you are a global learner, it can be helpful for you to realize that you need the big picture of a subject before you can master details. There are steps you can take. • Before you begin to study the first section of a chapter in a text, skim through the entire chapter to get an overview. Doing so may be time-consuming initially but it may save you from going over and over individual parts later. Instead of spending a short time on every subject every night, you might find it more productive to immerse yourself in individual 42 subjects for large blocks. GEMP Learning Excellence There are many tools to aid memory. Mind Maps and Metacogs® * Show Tony Buzan video: Maximise Your Potential 43 GEMP Learning Excellence The Metacog® Learning Process Puts your 7 Intelligences & Personal Learning Style Preference to work for you At university they are excellent for taking lecture notes, researching and preparing for exams. 1.Read to Understand 2.Make the Metacog® 3.Re-Check the Metacog®. Finding a small group of co-learners you are comfortable working with will add value to this learning technique. 4.Teach another using the Metacog® 44 GEMP Learning Excellence Making the Metacog® An excellent way to summarise your notes… …so your summaries are not as long as your notes! A Visual Organisation of Concepts Categorised in meaningful organic clusters A visual ‘movie’ corresponding with thoughts 45 GEMP Learning Excellence Making the Metacog® * •Read to understand. Look up or ask for clarity. Only put down on paper what you’ve understood. •Look for concepts (critical 35%). Don’t highlight, circle. •Create the basic mind map structure on blank A3 paper – main topic idea in the centre. Use Print. •Add main categories as branches touching the centre. Add sub ideas as sub branches, one concept per branch or line. Work from left to right and around clockwise. •Use colour to classify or enhance organisation. 46 GEMP Learning Excellence Mnemonics are mental methods for aiding memory. •Observation, Visualisation & Imagination are all used in mnemonics to facilitate the quick assimilation of knowledge. PEST OF 6 Parietal Ethmoid Sphenoid Temporal Occipital Frontal Show brain mnemonics video clip http://www.thepsychfiles.com/2008/09/22episode-72-video-memorize-the-parts-of-the47-brain GEMP Learning Excellence Pulling It All Together And now lets put into practice the techniques you learned today Think about your learning strategy •Red to Understand Deeply •Write to express your knowledge with clarity •Make effective summaries using memory aid techniques that develop strong long term memory and give you excellent recall of your learning! Use all your senses. Manage stress! 48