Download US History Standard 2.3

UNITED STATES
HISTORY AND THE
CONSTITUTION
South Carolina
Standard USHC-2.3
USHC-2.3
• Compare the economic development in
different regions (the South, the North, and
the West) of the United States during the
early nineteenth century, including ways
that economic policy contributed to
political controversies.
North-South War
• As the result of growing economic
differences between the North, South and
the West, the regions developed different
social values and political interests which
led to political conflict and ultimately to
war.
Geography
• Students must be able to identify on a map the
areas that are known as North, South, the West
and they should understand the moving frontier
that defined the West.
Geographic Regions
• Geographic factors starting in the colonial
period led to differences between the
regions including safe harbors and fast
flowing rivers in the North, fertile land for
cash crops in the South and abundant new
resources in the West such as fertile farm
land and mineral deposits.
U.S. Mineral Deposits
Geographic Regions
Industry and Finance
• The North developed industry and finance
in part because capital earned through the
shipping industry was available for
investment in factories while the South
continued to invest in slavery and
agriculture.
• The West also remained largely
agricultural.
Germans and Irish
• The North attracted immigrants, especially
Germans and Irish, to work in the factories
in growing towns and cities while the
South continued to rely on slave labor.
Northern reformers
• Economic differences affected and were
affected by social differences between the
regions, including differences in social
reform movements such as education.
• Northern reformers called for public
education in order to assimilate
immigrants while the South outlawed
teaching Africans to read and did not
provide education even for white children.
National Bank
• Economic differences contributed to
political controversies including
controversies over the creation and
continuation of the National Bank.
• The South and West opposed the National
Bank because they viewed it as giving too
much economic power to wealthy
Northeasterners and favored state banks
that would offer cheap loans.
Protective Tariff
• The protective tariff was supported by
Northeasterners in order to protect their
infant industries from foreign competition
and accepted by the West in exchange for
support for their own interests such as
internal improvements (i.e. roads and
canals) and cheap land.
Nullification Crisis
• The South opposed the protective tariff in
the nullification crisis and also opposed
internal improvements but supported
cheap land as they moved west to plant
more cotton.
Erie Canal
• The completion of the Erie Canal
strengthened economic and thus political
ties between the Northeast and the
Northwest.
Henry Clay’s American System
• Henry Clay’s American System, a political
alliance that traded western support for the
tariff for northern support of internal
improvements and cheap land, threatened
the economic and political interests of the
South and added to the animosity between
the regions.
Economic Interests
• Different economic interests contributed to
political differences over the extension of
slavery into the west and contributed to
disagreements over the admission of the
new states of Missouri, Texas, California
and Kansas which laid the groundwork for
the controversies of the 1850s that
culminated in secession and war.