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Chapter 6 Inorganic and Organic Compounds: Names and Formulas 6.7 Basic Chemistry 1 Alkanes Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Structural Formulas Alkanes are written with structural formulas that are • expanded to show each bond • condensed to show each carbon atom and its attached hydrogen atoms Basic Chemistry 2 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Drawing Structures for Butane In the expanded structure formula, each bond from the C atom to the attached H atoms is shown. In the condensed structural formula, each C atom is combined with its attached H atoms. Basic Chemistry 3 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. IUPAC Names for the First 10 Alkanes Basic Chemistry 4 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check A. What is the condensed formula for H H H H H HCCCCCH H H H H H B. What is its molecular formula? C. What is its name? Basic Chemistry 5 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution A. CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH3 B. C5H12 C. pentane Basic Chemistry 6 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Draw the condensed structural formula for heptane. Basic Chemistry 7 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution The prefix in the alkane name heptane indicates that the condensed structural formula contains 7 C atoms. Heptane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Basic Chemistry 8 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Properties of Alkanes Alkanes • are nonpolar • are less dense than water • with 1-4 carbon atoms are gases • with 5-8 carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature • with 9-17 carbon atoms are liquids such as kerosene, diesel, and jet fuel • with 18 or more carbon atoms are waxy solids Basic Chemistry 9 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Concept Map Basic Chemistry 10 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.