Download The Renaissance - Hunt`s World of History

The Renaissance
Ch.5 Sec 1
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1.
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The word renaissance means rebirth
The renaissance began in Italy and
eventually spread throughout Europe
Characteristics of the Italian
Renaissance
Urban society- cities are the center
of political, economic, and social life
As a result people began to view the
world in secular terms.
Ch.5 Sec 1 cont.
2.
3.

Renaissance was an age of recovery
with a renewed interest in the
classics.
Society started to emphasize
individual abilities
Leonardo da Vinci- Italian
Renaissance painter, sculptor,
architect, inventor, and
mathematician. ( Mona Lisa)
Ch5. Sec 1 cont.
 Italian
Society
 Upper Class and Lower Class
 Italian city-states: 1.Milan, 2.Venice, &
3.Florence
 Milan: located in northern Italy and
became extremely wealthy from trade
networks
 Francesco Storza- conquered Milan
with the help of mercenaries.
Ch.5 Sec 1 cont.
 Mercenaries-
soldiers who sold their
talents to who ever would pay them
the most.
 Florence: dominated north central
Italy through a series of wars
 Cosimo de Medici- took control of
Florence and influenced the
government from behind the scenes.
Ch. 5 Sec 1 cont
 Niccolo
Machiavelli- wrote the book
titled The Prince which is based on
political authority.
 Thesis-
of the book focuses on how to
acquire and keep political power.
 Machiavelli
pushed to abandon
morality as a basis for political activity.
( human nature)
Ch.5 Sec 1 cont

Renaissance Society was divided into
three classes: clergy, nobility, and peasants

Nobility: made up only 3% of population but
held important political posts.

Castiglione- wrote The Book of the
Courtier which described the perfect noble.
Ch. 5 Sec 1 cont
Characteristics of “The Perfect Noble”
1. Born into nobility
2. Perform military and physical exercises
3. Gain classical education
4. Show achievements
5. Serve the king in a honest way
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Ch.5 Sec 1cont

Johannes Gutenberg- played a crucial
role in the invention of the movable
printing press.

This increased scholarly research, and
the public’s desire to gain knowledge.
Ch.5 Sec 2
The Renaissance stressed the ability of the
individual which led to humanism.
 Humanism- intellectual movement which
studied ancient Greek and Roman works.
 (grammar, poetry, history)
 Humanists believed it was their duty to serve
the state.
 Petrarch- called the father of Italian
Renaissance humanism

Ch.5 Sec 2 cont.
Renaissance Vernacular Literature
 Dante- wrote the Divine Comedy which is the
story of the soul’s journey through salvation.
 Chaucer- authored the Canterbury Tales
which describes English society from the
upper class to the peasant class.
 Christine de Pizan- authored The Book of the
City Ladies which defended women against
male critics.

Divine Comedy
Divine Comedy
Ch.5 Sec 2 cont.
Renaissance Education
 Humanist movement believed education
could dramatically change humans.
 Humanists focused on the study of
liberal arts so individuals could reach
their full potential.
 Females were largely absent from these
schools and were to focus on being
good mothers and wives.

Ch5. Sec 2 cont.
Renaissance Art
 Renaissance art stressed the reality of
nature and human beings became the
focal point
 Fresco painting- painting done on fresh,
wet plaster with water based paint
 High Renaissance art is associated with
three artists: Leonardo da Vinci,
Raphael, and Michelangelo.

Ch.5 Sec 2 cont.
Michelangelo- accomplished painter,
sculptor, and architect. (Known for painting
the Sistine Chapel.
 Northern European Renaissance Art was
different than Italy’s art because of
architecture
 Jan Van Eyck- one of the first artists to use
oil paints which allowed artists to create fine
details.

Sistine Chapel
Ch.5 Sec 3 cont.
Protestant Reformation
 Christian humanism- movement
associated with worldly thinking that
sought to reform the Catholic Church
 Desiderius Erasmus- a Christian
humanist who called his religion “ the
philosophy of Christ”
 He believed religion should guide people
daily rather than focusing on a system of
beliefs.

Ch.5 Sec 3 cont.
Why Reform?
1. Corruption: Popes were concerned with
politics rather than spiritual matters
2. Greed: Church leaders used their
positions to better their selves
financially
3. Selling of indulgences
 Indulgence- remission from all or part of
the punishment of sin

Ch.5 Sec.3 cont.
In order to receive an indulgence a
person must first confess and then
perform an act to receive it.
 Penance- form of punishment for sins
handed down by a church official.
 Indulgences allowed people to pay for
the sin on Earth instead of in Purgatory.

Selling of Indulgences
Ch.5 Sec 3 cont.
4.


Salvation- People were uncertain how
to gain salvation
Protestant Reformation- reform
movement that divided the western
church into Catholic and Protestant
groups.
Martin Luther- early leader of Protestant
Reformation who wrote the Ninety Five
Theses
Ch.5 Sec 3 cont.
Major points of the Ninety Five Theses
1. Salvation gained through faith alone
2. Bible was only source of religious truth
3. Attacked the selling of indulgences


“ As soon as the coin in the money box
rings, a soul from purgatory springs”
Monk Johann Tetzel
Martin Luther
Ch.5 Sec 3 cont.
Edit of Worms- outlawed Luther’s work
within the empire
 Lutheranism- founded by Martin Luther
and considered to be the first protestant
faith
 German Politics in the Reformation
 Charles V- Holy Roman Emperor and
king of Spain who signed the Peace of
Augsburg

Ch.5 Sec 3 cont.
Peace of Augsburg- agreement that
formally accepted the division of
Christianity in Germany.
 This meant German states could now
choose between the two.
 However the German rulers had the
ability to choose the religion for their
state.

Ch.5 Sec 4
Spread of Protestantism
 The Peace of Augsburg officially brought
about the division of Christianity
 Protestantism splits into different groups
 Ulrich Zwingli- priest in Zurich,
Switzerland who brought about reform in
Protestant beliefs

Ch.5 Sec 4 cont.
John Calvin- wrote the Institutes of the
Christian Religion and was a leading figure in
Calvinism
 Predestination- God determines in advance
who would be saved and who wouldn’t
 Geneva- city where Calvin brought his
religious reforms
 The Consistory- a special body set up to
punish immoral behavior. (dancing,
swearing)

Ch.5 Sec 4 cont.
England’s Reformation: was rooted in
politics not religion.
 Annul- declare a marriage invalid
 King Henry VIII- wanted a divorce but
becomes impatient with the pope and
turns to England’s own church courts.
 Act of Supremacy of 1534- declared the
king of England was head of the Church
of England

King Henry VIII
Ch.5 Sec 4 cont.
Anabaptists- religious group who
disliked the government in religion
 Major Beliefs:
1. All believers were equal
2. Any believer could be a minister
3. Adult baptism
4. Separation of church and state

Ch.5 Sec 4 cont.
The Catholic Reformation
 Supported by three chief pillars: 1. the
Jesuits, 2. papacy reform, and 3.
Council of Trent
 Ignatius of Loyola- founded the Jesuits
or Society of Jesus
 Jesuits- missionaries recognized by the
pope to restore Catholicism in Europe.

Ch.5 Sec 4 cont.

Council of Trent- gave Catholicism a
clear religious doctrine and the pope
supreme leadership.