Download GEARING UP FOR THE AP EXAM

This Week
Week 3: Part of Period 5 and Period 6, (Chapters
14-19), 1861 to 1898
Go over Guided Readings and Focuses, make
notecards of key vocabulary terms, turning points,
quotes, and presidential administrations
Tutorials=Wednesday, 4/12 (Lecture Hall) 4p.m6p.m. Going over Presidential Administrations and
Quotable Quotations (ex. Square Deal, Dollar
Diplomacy, 2. “The power to tax involves the
power to destroy.”
This Week
Chapter 30 Guided Reading due Tuesday,
4/18(A)/Wednesday, 4/19(B)
Part 2 of Review due Tuesday,
4/18(A)/Wednesday, 4/19(B)
Essay Prompt
Evaluate the extent to which the 1968 Tet
Offensive marked a turning point in the
Vietnam War.
In the development of your argument,
explain what changed and what stayed the
same from the period immediately before
the Tet Offensive to the period immediately
following it. (Historical thinking skill:
Periodization)
Presidential Promises and
Quotable Quotations
Objective: To review American history through
presidential mottos and memorable quotations.
Complete handout.
For Part A, come up with the president and
explain major accomplishments of each presidential
administration
For Part B, identify who said the quote and the
larger importance of the idea presented in each
quotation.
This Week
Week 3: Period 4 and part of Period 5 (Chapters
7-13), 1800-1861
Go over Guided Readings and Focuses, make
notecards of key vocabulary terms, turning points,
quotes, and presidential administrations
1763
End of French and Indian War
6
1776
Asserted independence from England
7
1789
Ratification of the Constitution
8
1803
Louisiana Purchase/Marbury v Madison
9
1848
Treaty of Guadelupe-Hidalgo
10
1861
Outbreak of Civil War
11
1865
End of Civil War/death of Lincoln
12
1877
Compromise of 1877
13
1914
Outbreak of WWI
14
1919
Treaty of Versailles
15
1929
Stock Market Crash
16
1941
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
17
1945
End of WW2
18
1954
Brown vs BOE
19
1960
First sit ins in Greensboro, North
Carolina/election of JFK
20
1960
First sit ins in Greensboro, North
Carolina/election of JFK
21
1964
Civil Rights Act
22
1968
Assassination of both MLK and RFK
23
1989
Fall of Berlin Wall and Eastern European
communisim
24
Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic
program tried to give equal
opportunity to business executives,
farmers, laborers, and consumers.
It included attempts to break
“bad” trusts, Meat Inspection Act,
Pure Food and Drug Act, forced
arbitration of the anthracite coal
strike ,and conservation measures.
Dollar Diplomacy
Taft endorsed the Roosevelt
Corollary and expanded America’s
role as police officer by
substituting dollars for bullets in
promoting loans to business
executives in Latin America and
the Far East
Modern Republicanism
Although Eisenhower did not
extend the welfare state begun
by Franklin Roosevelt and Harry
Truman, he did not tamper with
programs already in place.
•
New Freedom
Wilson’s progressive reform
agenda sought to strengthen
democracy through programs
such as the Underwood Tariff,
Clayton Act, Federal Reserve
Act, and Federal Trade
Commission.
New Deal
Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal included
a variety of relief, recovery, and
reform acts designed to get the
country out of the Great Depression
and avoid a similar catastrophe in the
future. During FDR’s administration,
the country first adopted the concept
that the government has a
responsibility to “promote the general
welfare.”
Manifest Destiny
Polk promised to complete
the country’s expansion to
the Pacific Ocean through
the acquisition of the Oregon
Country, Texas, and what
became the Mexican Cession.
Rugged Individualism
Hoover believed that the
country’s prosperity and
greatness to date had
stemmed from rugged
individualism rather than
government action and that
this philosophy would work
again in the Great Depression
Great Society
LBJ believed the country could
eliminate poverty and racial injustice,
improve education for all, and
revitalize city slums to create a truly
“great society.” Programs included the
Civil Rights Act, “war on poverty,”
Voting Rights Act, Medicare,
Immigration Act, and Elementary and
Secondary Education Act.
Fair Deal
Truman’s Fair Deal aimed to
preserve and extend the New
Deal but met considerable
Congressional opposition.
•
New Frontier
Kennedy’s New Frontier
sought to find opportunity in
space, medicine, technology,
and social relations. Many of
his proposals for civil rights,
poverty programs, Medicare,
and education became law
after his assassination.
“A house divided against itself
cannot stand”
Lincoln set the tone for the
Lincoln-Douglas debates by
expressing concern that a nation
divided by slavery could not exist
half slave and half free, but would
become one or the other. His aim
was to preserve the Union.
“The power to tax involves the
power to destroy”
In McCulloch v. Maryland, the
Supreme Court ruled that a state
could not take measures that would
destroy the Union, so Maryland’s
tax on the Baltimore branch of the
Bank of the United States was
unconstitutional. This established
the principle that the national
government is dominant.
“It is at the bottom of life we
must begin, not at the top”
Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee
Institute operated on the principle
that African Americans would be
well advised to seek training in the
trades rather than strive
immediately for social equality and
the “opportunity to spend a dollar
in the opera house.”
“Separate education facilities
are inherently unequal”
Earl Warren ruled “separate but
equal,” established in 1896 by
Plessy v. Ferguson unconstitutional
in the 1954 Brown v. Board of
Education of Topeka decision.
•
“We hold these truths to be self-evident;
that all men are created equal”
This goal established in the
Declaration of Independence has
remained an American standard for
judging progress toward equality
since 1776
•
“A war to end all wars.”
Wilson’s unrealized goal in
the “Great War” was to end
war for all time.
•
“All we ask is to be left
alone”
At the time of the Civil
War, the Confederate
States of America sought
the right to leave the Union
and fought for that right.
“I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a
nation where they will not be judged by the color their skin
but by the content of their character”
MLK’s dramatic speech at the
Lincoln Memorial during the
1963 March on Washington was
a major factor in the passage
of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
“A law repugnant to the
Constitution is void”
John Marshall’s statement in
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
established a precedent for
judicial review
•
“To make all laws which shall be
necessary and proper for carrying
into execution the foregoing powers”
This provision in Article I of
the Constitution gave
Congress the authority to use
implied powers
•
“We….covenant and combine ourselves
into a civil body politic.”
The Mayflower Compact
(1620) became the first
document of self government
in the English colonies
•
“Fifty-four forty or fight.”
Polk’s campaign theme suggested
that this country might demand
all the Oregon territory to the
southern border of Alaska, but
this left him room for
negotiating and compromising
with the British later.
“Free trade and sailors’
rights.”
These were key issues in the
American decision to go to war
in 1812.
•
“You shall not crucify mankind
upon a cross of gold”
William Jennings Bryan made a
passionate attack on the gold
standard at the Democratic
nominating convention in 1896
with his “cross of gold” speech.
“God made us neighbors. Let
justice make us friends.”
Franklin Roosevelt sought, for
economic reasons if no others,
to end the Roosevelt Corollary
and establish friendlier
relations with Latin America.
“And so, my fellow Americans: ask not
what your country can do for you, but
what you can do for your country.”
Kennedy’s inspirational message
in his 1961 Inaugural Address
set the theme for a new
commitment to America.
•
“We must be the great arsenal
of democracy.”
Franklin Roosevelt used this
rationale in calling for the
Lend-Lease Act prior to our
involvement in the military
aspects of World War II.
“With malice toward none, with
charity for all.”
In his Second Inaugural, Lincoln
called for a lenient peace and a
quick return to the Union of the
Confederate States after the
Civil War.
“It is our policy to stay clear of
permanent alliances.”
Washington set a long standing
policy of the United States’
foreign affairs in his Farewell
Address.
•
“John Marshall has made his
decision; now let him enforce it.”
Andrew Jackson made the
retort in response to John
Marshall’s decision in support of
the Cherokee Nation in
Worcester v. Georgia in 1832.
“Liberty and Union, now and
forever, one and inseparable.”
At the time of the South
Carolina threat to nullify the
Tariff of Abominations, Daniel
Webster, the Massachusetts
Senator, suggested this should
be the motto of the United
States.
“Millions for defense, but not
one cent for tribute.”
This became the Federalist
rallying cry after the French
made demands for a bribe, a
loan, and an apology from
President John Adams in 1797
in the XYZ Affair.
“My paramount object in this
struggle is to save the Union.”
Lincoln’s primary objective in
the Civil War was the
preservation of the Union.
•
“Peace without victory.”
Wilson’s idealistic plan for a
negotiated settlement of the war
before either side achieved a
victory was unacceptable to
Germany in January 1917, and
Germany instead resumed
unrestricted submarine warfare, a
step that led to US entry into the
war.
“Remember the Alamo.”
This became the rallying cry
of Texans in their war for
independence from Mexico in
1836.
•
“Remember the Maine.”
This became the rallying cry
of those favoring war against
Spain in 1898.
•
“Speak softly and carry a big
stick, you will go far.”
As President, Theodore
Roosevelt pursued a vigorous
foreign policy based on this old
African saying. Taking the
Canal Zone and pursuing the
Roosevelt Corollary in Latin
America are two examples.
“The ideals and traditions of
our nations….threatened.”
The Truman Doctrine offering
peacetime aid to Greece and
Turkey in 1947 marked a
significant break with
Washington’s advice in his
Farewell Address to pursue a
more isolationist foreign policy.
“The only thing we have to
fear is fear itself.”
In his Inaugural speech in
1933, Franklin Roosevelt tried
to inspire confidence in his
ability to lead.
•
“We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and
women are created equal; that they are endowed by their
Creator with certain unalienable rights.”
The Declaration of the
Sentiments of Women issued at
the 1848 Seneca Falls
Convention based the claims of
women on the Declaration of
Independence.
“The American continents, by
the free…..powers.”
Monroe’s 1823 State of the
Union Address issued this
warning, now a cornerstone of
American foreign policy against
European expansion in this
hemisphere.
“And, by virtue of the power
and for the purpose…free.”
Lincoln’s 1863 Emancipation
Proclamation committed the
United States to freeing the
slaves and, at the same time,
helping gain British support for
the Union in the Civil War.
“We the people of the United States, in
order to form a more perfect union.”
The Preamble of the United
States Constitution, written in
1787, promised an effort to
create a more effective
government than the state
dominated Articles of
Confederation had provided.
“No one can make you feel inferior
without your consent.”
In one of her published
newspaper columns, Eleanor
Roosevelt, ever the human
rights activist, wrote this
reassuring and inspiring
statement.
“Surplus wealth is a sacred trust
which…community.”
Andrew Carnegie’s “Gospel of
Wealth,” written in 1889,
celebrated the benefits that great
amounts of accumulated wealth
could do for the public. Not all
were convinced that his treatment
of workers was justified by this
philosophy of philanthropy.
“The advance of the frontier has
meant a steady….our history.”
Frederick Jackson Turner, in his
famous 1890 “Significance of the
Frontier in American History,”
helped Americans understand this
neglected factor in American
development.
“What hath God wrought!”
This first telegraph message sent
in 1837 introduced a revolution in
communication.
•
“Government is not the solution to our
problem. Government is the problem.”
Ronald Reagan’s philosophy of
government in the 1980s was based
on this motto.
•
“Women of the world unite! You have
nothing to lose but your vacuum cleaner.”
Betty Freidan, in The Feminist
Mystique published in 1963,
touched a responsive chord among
many women and essentially
started the women’s rights
movement.
APUSH Review Periods 4, 5, 6
•
13th Amendment
63: Neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as a punishment
for crime whereof the party shall
have been duly convicted, shall
exist within the United States, or
any place subject to their
jurisdiction.
14th Amendment
64. No state shall make or enforce
any law which shall abridge the
privileges or immunities of citizens
of the United States; nor shall any
state deprive any person of life,
liberty, or property, without due
process of law.
15th Amendment
65. The right of citizens of the
United States to vote shall not be
denied or abridged by the United
States or by any state on account
of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude.
•
1820 Missouri Compromise
45. Federal statute in the U.S.
that regulated slavery, drew an
imaginary line dividing the country
in two; in the north slavery was
not allowed and in the south
slavery was allowed.
•
Abolition
30. The act of putting an end to
something by law: slavery.
•
American System
37. Economic plan that played a
prominent role in the early 19th
century, rooted in the ideas of
Hamilton: a tariff, national bank,
and federal subsidies for
transportation.
•
Assimilation Policies
77. An effort by the U.S. to
transform Native American culture
to European –American culture.
•
Black Codes
66. Laws passed by Southern
states after the Civil War to
restrict African Americans'
freedom and compel them to work
in a labor economy.
•
Civil War
50. US war from 1861-1865,
reunited the nation.
•
Compromise of 1850
54. Admitted California to the
Union as a free state, put no
federal restrictions on slavery for
Utah or New Mexico, and passed
Fugitive Slave Law.
•
Democracy
27. A form of government where
citizens choose and replace the
government through free and fair
elections.
•
Emancipation Proclamation
60. It proclaimed the freedom of
slaves in the ten states that were
still in rebellion.
•
Free Soil
57. Opposed the expansion of
slavery into the western
territories, argued that free men
on free land comprised a morally
and economically superior system to
slavery.
•
Kansas Nebraska Act
65. The right of citizens of the
United States to vote shall not be
denied or abridged by the United
States or by any state on account
of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude.
•
Laissez Faire
78. An economic system in which
transactions between private
parties are free from intrusive
government restrictions, tariffs,
and subsidies, with only enough
regulation to protect property
rights.
Louisiana Purchase
41. Acquisition of over 2 million
square miles in 1803.
•
Mexican American War
49. Armed conflict under President
Polk from 1846 to 1848, gained
the southwestern U.S. and
confirmed the annexation of
Texas.
•
Nullification Crisis
44. Sectional crisis during the
presidency of Andrew Jackson
created by South Carolina's 1832
Ordinance.
•
Reconstruction
59. Era from 1865-1877.
•
Reservations
76. Area of land operated by the
Bureau of Indian Affairs that
Native American tribes were
relocated too.
•
Secession
58. Withdrawal of one or more
States from the Union that
constitutes the United States.
•
Sectionalism
52. Loyalty to the interests of
one's own region or section of the
country, rather than to the
country as a whole.
•
Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo
43. Signed in 1848, it brought an
official end to the MexicanAmerican War.
•
Webster Ashburton Treaty
42. Solved northeastern border
disputes in 1842.
•
Abolitionist
53. Someone that calls for the
ending of slavery.
•
Abraham Lincoln
21. 16th president of the United
States, serving from March 1861
until his assassination in April 1865
•
Andrew Carnegie
16. American business magnate,
philanthropist, co-founder of the
Standard Oil Company- the first
great U.S. business trust.
•
Anti-Federalist
2. Proponents of strong state
governments and a weaker central
government.
•
Booker T Washington
18. African-American educator,
author, orator, and advisor to
presidents of the United States.
•
Confederacy
62. An unrecognized confederation
of secessionist states existing
from 1861–65.
•
Conservationist
7. View the environment as having
instrumental value that can be of
help to people and accept notion of
sustainable yield.
•
Democratic-Republicans
3. Also known as the Jeffersonian
Republicans and modern day
Republicans
•
Democrats
4. Founded around 1828, Andrew
Jackson was the first president of
this party.
•
Dredd Scott
13. Court held that African
Americas, enslaved or free, could
not be American citizens and that
the federal government had no
power to regulate slavery in the
federal territories acquired after
the creation of the United States.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
20. American social activist,
abolitionist, and leading figure of
the early women's rights
movement.
•
Federalist
1. Proponents of a strong central
government and weaker state
governments
•
Frederick Douglas
14. African-American social
reformer, orator, writer, and
statesman, escaped from slavery,
and became a leader of the
abolitionist movement.
•
Ida Wells-Barnett
19. African-American journalist,
newspaper editor, suffragist,
sociologist, and an early leader in
the civil rights movement.
•
John D Rockefeller
16. American business magnate,
philanthropist, co-founder of the
Standard Oil Company- the first
great U.S. business trust.
•
Labor Union
40. Legally recognized as
representatives of workers to gain
better wages, benefits, and
working conditions.
•
McCulloch v Maryland
10. Ruled that Congress had
implied powers under the
Necessary and Proper Clause of
Article I, Section 8 of the
Constitution.
•
Mormons
26. Religious and cultural group
which moved from New York to the
Utah Territory in the 1820s.
•
Peoples Party (Populist)
8. Established in 1891 and it
faded away after 1896, Based
among poor, white cotton farmers
in the South and hard-pressed
wheat farmers in the plains states,
hostile to banks, cities, railroads,
gold, and elites generally.
Plessey v Fergenson
12. Supreme Court decision that
upheld the separate but equal
doctrine
•
Preservationist
9. View the environment as having
intrinsic value that should be
preserved by making as little
change to it as possible.
•
Radical Republicans
6. Faction of American politicians
from about 1854 to 1877, strongly
opposed slavery, distrusted exConfederates, demanded harsh
policies for former rebels, and
emphasized civil and voting rights
for freedmen
Republican Party
56. Founded by anti-slavery
activists in 1854, dominated
politics nationally and in most of
the North for most of the period
from 1860 to 1932.
•
Robert E Lee
23. American soldier commanded
the Confederate Army of Northern
Virginia in the American Civil War
from 1862 until his surrender in
1865.
•
Samuel Slater
15. English-American industrialist
known as the "Father of the
American Industrial Revolution" and
the "Father of the American
Factory System
•
Stonewall Jackson
24. Confederate general during the
American Civil War, and one of the
best-known Confederate
commanders after General Robert
E. Lee.
•
Ulysses S Grant
22. 18th President of the United
States, commanding general of the
Union Armies in the American Civil
War
•
Union
61. Term used to refer to the
U.S., and specifically to the
national government and the 20
other free states and five border
slave states which supported it
•
Whigs
5. Operated from the early 1830s
to the mid-1850, formed in
opposition to the policies of
President Andrew Jackson.
•
William Tecumseh Sherman
25. General in the Union Army
during the Civil War, recognized
for his outstanding command of
military strategy, and criticized
for "scorched earth" policies.
•
Worcester v Georgia
11. The court rules that the
federal government was the sole
authority to deal with Indian
nations, built the foundations of
the doctrine of tribal sovereignty.
•
Canals
34. Inspired by the English and
Dutch systems, Americans began to
eye the possibility of man-made
waterways early to increase trade.
•
Cult of Domesticity
39. Emphasized new ideas of
femininity, role within the home,
dynamics of work and family:
piety, purity, domesticity, and
submissiveness.
•
Cultural Superiority
48. Proliferation of Western moral
concepts, products, and political
beliefs around the globe.
•
Gilded Age
68. Term coined by Mark Twain
which satirized an era of serious
social problems masked by rapid
economic growth.
•
Holding Company
70. A company that does not
produce goods or services itself;
rather, its purpose is to own
shares of other companies to form
a corporate group.
•
Industrial Revolution
38. Transition to new
manufacturing processes from
about 1760 to 1840 causing
average income and population to
exhibit unprecedented sustained
growth.
•
Interchangeable Parts
33. Key idea in the late Industrial
Revolution, made possible mass
production of identical products.
•
Manifest Destiny
46. Widely held belief in the
United States that American
settlers were destined to expand
throughout the continent.
•
Nativism
51. The policy of protecting the
interests of native inhabitants
against those of immigrants.
•
New South
72. A term used to describe the
southern U.S. after 1877 in
contrast to the slavery-based
plantation system of the
antebellum period.
•
Racial Superiority
47. View that the Caucasians are
superior to others and entitled to
dominate, control, or rule.
•
Railroads
35. Moved goods and people across
the US to spur westward expansion
and economic growth.
•
Romantic Beliefs
29. Artistic, literary, and
intellectual movement, peak 18001850, partly a reaction to the
Industrial Revolution, included
authors like Irving and Poe.
•
Second Great Awakening
65. The right of citizens of the
United States to vote shall not be
denied or abridged by the United
States or by any state on account
of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude.
•
Sharecropping
73. A system of agriculture in
which a landowner allows a tenant
to use the land in return for a
portion of the crops produced on
the land.
•
Social Darwinism
71. Belief that the strong should
see their wealth and power
increase while the weak should see
their wealth and power decrease.
•
Steam Engines
32. Powered early locomotives,
steam boats, factories, fueled the
Industrial Revolution.
•
Telegraph
36. Made instantaneous
communication across distances
possible.
•
Tenant Farming
74. Agricultural production system
in which landowners contribute
their land and often operating
capital/management; while farmers
contribute their labor along with
varying amounts of capital and
management.
Textile Machines
31. Major industry based on the
conversion of fiber into yarn,
fabric, and then materials.
•
Trans continental Railroad
75. Created when the Central
Pacific and Union Pacific met.
•
Trust
69. Monopoly of business:
Standard Oil, US Steel, etc.
•
Urbanization
67. Population shift to the cities.
•