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This Week Week 3: Part of Period 5 and Period 6, (Chapters 14-19), 1861 to 1898 Go over Guided Readings and Focuses, make notecards of key vocabulary terms, turning points, quotes, and presidential administrations Tutorials=Wednesday, 4/12 (Lecture Hall) 4p.m6p.m. Going over Presidential Administrations and Quotable Quotations (ex. Square Deal, Dollar Diplomacy, 2. “The power to tax involves the power to destroy.” This Week Chapter 30 Guided Reading due Tuesday, 4/18(A)/Wednesday, 4/19(B) Part 2 of Review due Tuesday, 4/18(A)/Wednesday, 4/19(B) Essay Prompt Evaluate the extent to which the 1968 Tet Offensive marked a turning point in the Vietnam War. In the development of your argument, explain what changed and what stayed the same from the period immediately before the Tet Offensive to the period immediately following it. (Historical thinking skill: Periodization) Presidential Promises and Quotable Quotations Objective: To review American history through presidential mottos and memorable quotations. Complete handout. For Part A, come up with the president and explain major accomplishments of each presidential administration For Part B, identify who said the quote and the larger importance of the idea presented in each quotation. This Week Week 3: Period 4 and part of Period 5 (Chapters 7-13), 1800-1861 Go over Guided Readings and Focuses, make notecards of key vocabulary terms, turning points, quotes, and presidential administrations 1763 End of French and Indian War 6 1776 Asserted independence from England 7 1789 Ratification of the Constitution 8 1803 Louisiana Purchase/Marbury v Madison 9 1848 Treaty of Guadelupe-Hidalgo 10 1861 Outbreak of Civil War 11 1865 End of Civil War/death of Lincoln 12 1877 Compromise of 1877 13 1914 Outbreak of WWI 14 1919 Treaty of Versailles 15 1929 Stock Market Crash 16 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 17 1945 End of WW2 18 1954 Brown vs BOE 19 1960 First sit ins in Greensboro, North Carolina/election of JFK 20 1960 First sit ins in Greensboro, North Carolina/election of JFK 21 1964 Civil Rights Act 22 1968 Assassination of both MLK and RFK 23 1989 Fall of Berlin Wall and Eastern European communisim 24 Square Deal Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program tried to give equal opportunity to business executives, farmers, laborers, and consumers. It included attempts to break “bad” trusts, Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, forced arbitration of the anthracite coal strike ,and conservation measures. Dollar Diplomacy Taft endorsed the Roosevelt Corollary and expanded America’s role as police officer by substituting dollars for bullets in promoting loans to business executives in Latin America and the Far East Modern Republicanism Although Eisenhower did not extend the welfare state begun by Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman, he did not tamper with programs already in place. • New Freedom Wilson’s progressive reform agenda sought to strengthen democracy through programs such as the Underwood Tariff, Clayton Act, Federal Reserve Act, and Federal Trade Commission. New Deal Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal included a variety of relief, recovery, and reform acts designed to get the country out of the Great Depression and avoid a similar catastrophe in the future. During FDR’s administration, the country first adopted the concept that the government has a responsibility to “promote the general welfare.” Manifest Destiny Polk promised to complete the country’s expansion to the Pacific Ocean through the acquisition of the Oregon Country, Texas, and what became the Mexican Cession. Rugged Individualism Hoover believed that the country’s prosperity and greatness to date had stemmed from rugged individualism rather than government action and that this philosophy would work again in the Great Depression Great Society LBJ believed the country could eliminate poverty and racial injustice, improve education for all, and revitalize city slums to create a truly “great society.” Programs included the Civil Rights Act, “war on poverty,” Voting Rights Act, Medicare, Immigration Act, and Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Fair Deal Truman’s Fair Deal aimed to preserve and extend the New Deal but met considerable Congressional opposition. • New Frontier Kennedy’s New Frontier sought to find opportunity in space, medicine, technology, and social relations. Many of his proposals for civil rights, poverty programs, Medicare, and education became law after his assassination. “A house divided against itself cannot stand” Lincoln set the tone for the Lincoln-Douglas debates by expressing concern that a nation divided by slavery could not exist half slave and half free, but would become one or the other. His aim was to preserve the Union. “The power to tax involves the power to destroy” In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court ruled that a state could not take measures that would destroy the Union, so Maryland’s tax on the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the United States was unconstitutional. This established the principle that the national government is dominant. “It is at the bottom of life we must begin, not at the top” Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee Institute operated on the principle that African Americans would be well advised to seek training in the trades rather than strive immediately for social equality and the “opportunity to spend a dollar in the opera house.” “Separate education facilities are inherently unequal” Earl Warren ruled “separate but equal,” established in 1896 by Plessy v. Ferguson unconstitutional in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision. • “We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal” This goal established in the Declaration of Independence has remained an American standard for judging progress toward equality since 1776 • “A war to end all wars.” Wilson’s unrealized goal in the “Great War” was to end war for all time. • “All we ask is to be left alone” At the time of the Civil War, the Confederate States of America sought the right to leave the Union and fought for that right. “I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color their skin but by the content of their character” MLK’s dramatic speech at the Lincoln Memorial during the 1963 March on Washington was a major factor in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 “A law repugnant to the Constitution is void” John Marshall’s statement in Marbury v. Madison (1803) established a precedent for judicial review • “To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers” This provision in Article I of the Constitution gave Congress the authority to use implied powers • “We….covenant and combine ourselves into a civil body politic.” The Mayflower Compact (1620) became the first document of self government in the English colonies • “Fifty-four forty or fight.” Polk’s campaign theme suggested that this country might demand all the Oregon territory to the southern border of Alaska, but this left him room for negotiating and compromising with the British later. “Free trade and sailors’ rights.” These were key issues in the American decision to go to war in 1812. • “You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold” William Jennings Bryan made a passionate attack on the gold standard at the Democratic nominating convention in 1896 with his “cross of gold” speech. “God made us neighbors. Let justice make us friends.” Franklin Roosevelt sought, for economic reasons if no others, to end the Roosevelt Corollary and establish friendlier relations with Latin America. “And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.” Kennedy’s inspirational message in his 1961 Inaugural Address set the theme for a new commitment to America. • “We must be the great arsenal of democracy.” Franklin Roosevelt used this rationale in calling for the Lend-Lease Act prior to our involvement in the military aspects of World War II. “With malice toward none, with charity for all.” In his Second Inaugural, Lincoln called for a lenient peace and a quick return to the Union of the Confederate States after the Civil War. “It is our policy to stay clear of permanent alliances.” Washington set a long standing policy of the United States’ foreign affairs in his Farewell Address. • “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it.” Andrew Jackson made the retort in response to John Marshall’s decision in support of the Cherokee Nation in Worcester v. Georgia in 1832. “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.” At the time of the South Carolina threat to nullify the Tariff of Abominations, Daniel Webster, the Massachusetts Senator, suggested this should be the motto of the United States. “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.” This became the Federalist rallying cry after the French made demands for a bribe, a loan, and an apology from President John Adams in 1797 in the XYZ Affair. “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union.” Lincoln’s primary objective in the Civil War was the preservation of the Union. • “Peace without victory.” Wilson’s idealistic plan for a negotiated settlement of the war before either side achieved a victory was unacceptable to Germany in January 1917, and Germany instead resumed unrestricted submarine warfare, a step that led to US entry into the war. “Remember the Alamo.” This became the rallying cry of Texans in their war for independence from Mexico in 1836. • “Remember the Maine.” This became the rallying cry of those favoring war against Spain in 1898. • “Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far.” As President, Theodore Roosevelt pursued a vigorous foreign policy based on this old African saying. Taking the Canal Zone and pursuing the Roosevelt Corollary in Latin America are two examples. “The ideals and traditions of our nations….threatened.” The Truman Doctrine offering peacetime aid to Greece and Turkey in 1947 marked a significant break with Washington’s advice in his Farewell Address to pursue a more isolationist foreign policy. “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” In his Inaugural speech in 1933, Franklin Roosevelt tried to inspire confidence in his ability to lead. • “We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights.” The Declaration of the Sentiments of Women issued at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention based the claims of women on the Declaration of Independence. “The American continents, by the free…..powers.” Monroe’s 1823 State of the Union Address issued this warning, now a cornerstone of American foreign policy against European expansion in this hemisphere. “And, by virtue of the power and for the purpose…free.” Lincoln’s 1863 Emancipation Proclamation committed the United States to freeing the slaves and, at the same time, helping gain British support for the Union in the Civil War. “We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union.” The Preamble of the United States Constitution, written in 1787, promised an effort to create a more effective government than the state dominated Articles of Confederation had provided. “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” In one of her published newspaper columns, Eleanor Roosevelt, ever the human rights activist, wrote this reassuring and inspiring statement. “Surplus wealth is a sacred trust which…community.” Andrew Carnegie’s “Gospel of Wealth,” written in 1889, celebrated the benefits that great amounts of accumulated wealth could do for the public. Not all were convinced that his treatment of workers was justified by this philosophy of philanthropy. “The advance of the frontier has meant a steady….our history.” Frederick Jackson Turner, in his famous 1890 “Significance of the Frontier in American History,” helped Americans understand this neglected factor in American development. “What hath God wrought!” This first telegraph message sent in 1837 introduced a revolution in communication. • “Government is not the solution to our problem. Government is the problem.” Ronald Reagan’s philosophy of government in the 1980s was based on this motto. • “Women of the world unite! You have nothing to lose but your vacuum cleaner.” Betty Freidan, in The Feminist Mystique published in 1963, touched a responsive chord among many women and essentially started the women’s rights movement. APUSH Review Periods 4, 5, 6 • 13th Amendment 63: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. 14th Amendment 64. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. 15th Amendment 65. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. • 1820 Missouri Compromise 45. Federal statute in the U.S. that regulated slavery, drew an imaginary line dividing the country in two; in the north slavery was not allowed and in the south slavery was allowed. • Abolition 30. The act of putting an end to something by law: slavery. • American System 37. Economic plan that played a prominent role in the early 19th century, rooted in the ideas of Hamilton: a tariff, national bank, and federal subsidies for transportation. • Assimilation Policies 77. An effort by the U.S. to transform Native American culture to European –American culture. • Black Codes 66. Laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict African Americans' freedom and compel them to work in a labor economy. • Civil War 50. US war from 1861-1865, reunited the nation. • Compromise of 1850 54. Admitted California to the Union as a free state, put no federal restrictions on slavery for Utah or New Mexico, and passed Fugitive Slave Law. • Democracy 27. A form of government where citizens choose and replace the government through free and fair elections. • Emancipation Proclamation 60. It proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states that were still in rebellion. • Free Soil 57. Opposed the expansion of slavery into the western territories, argued that free men on free land comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery. • Kansas Nebraska Act 65. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. • Laissez Faire 78. An economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from intrusive government restrictions, tariffs, and subsidies, with only enough regulation to protect property rights. Louisiana Purchase 41. Acquisition of over 2 million square miles in 1803. • Mexican American War 49. Armed conflict under President Polk from 1846 to 1848, gained the southwestern U.S. and confirmed the annexation of Texas. • Nullification Crisis 44. Sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance. • Reconstruction 59. Era from 1865-1877. • Reservations 76. Area of land operated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs that Native American tribes were relocated too. • Secession 58. Withdrawal of one or more States from the Union that constitutes the United States. • Sectionalism 52. Loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole. • Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo 43. Signed in 1848, it brought an official end to the MexicanAmerican War. • Webster Ashburton Treaty 42. Solved northeastern border disputes in 1842. • Abolitionist 53. Someone that calls for the ending of slavery. • Abraham Lincoln 21. 16th president of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865 • Andrew Carnegie 16. American business magnate, philanthropist, co-founder of the Standard Oil Company- the first great U.S. business trust. • Anti-Federalist 2. Proponents of strong state governments and a weaker central government. • Booker T Washington 18. African-American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. • Confederacy 62. An unrecognized confederation of secessionist states existing from 1861–65. • Conservationist 7. View the environment as having instrumental value that can be of help to people and accept notion of sustainable yield. • Democratic-Republicans 3. Also known as the Jeffersonian Republicans and modern day Republicans • Democrats 4. Founded around 1828, Andrew Jackson was the first president of this party. • Dredd Scott 13. Court held that African Americas, enslaved or free, could not be American citizens and that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in the federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States. Elizabeth Cady Stanton 20. American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's rights movement. • Federalist 1. Proponents of a strong central government and weaker state governments • Frederick Douglas 14. African-American social reformer, orator, writer, and statesman, escaped from slavery, and became a leader of the abolitionist movement. • Ida Wells-Barnett 19. African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, and an early leader in the civil rights movement. • John D Rockefeller 16. American business magnate, philanthropist, co-founder of the Standard Oil Company- the first great U.S. business trust. • Labor Union 40. Legally recognized as representatives of workers to gain better wages, benefits, and working conditions. • McCulloch v Maryland 10. Ruled that Congress had implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. • Mormons 26. Religious and cultural group which moved from New York to the Utah Territory in the 1820s. • Peoples Party (Populist) 8. Established in 1891 and it faded away after 1896, Based among poor, white cotton farmers in the South and hard-pressed wheat farmers in the plains states, hostile to banks, cities, railroads, gold, and elites generally. Plessey v Fergenson 12. Supreme Court decision that upheld the separate but equal doctrine • Preservationist 9. View the environment as having intrinsic value that should be preserved by making as little change to it as possible. • Radical Republicans 6. Faction of American politicians from about 1854 to 1877, strongly opposed slavery, distrusted exConfederates, demanded harsh policies for former rebels, and emphasized civil and voting rights for freedmen Republican Party 56. Founded by anti-slavery activists in 1854, dominated politics nationally and in most of the North for most of the period from 1860 to 1932. • Robert E Lee 23. American soldier commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War from 1862 until his surrender in 1865. • Samuel Slater 15. English-American industrialist known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution" and the "Father of the American Factory System • Stonewall Jackson 24. Confederate general during the American Civil War, and one of the best-known Confederate commanders after General Robert E. Lee. • Ulysses S Grant 22. 18th President of the United States, commanding general of the Union Armies in the American Civil War • Union 61. Term used to refer to the U.S., and specifically to the national government and the 20 other free states and five border slave states which supported it • Whigs 5. Operated from the early 1830s to the mid-1850, formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson. • William Tecumseh Sherman 25. General in the Union Army during the Civil War, recognized for his outstanding command of military strategy, and criticized for "scorched earth" policies. • Worcester v Georgia 11. The court rules that the federal government was the sole authority to deal with Indian nations, built the foundations of the doctrine of tribal sovereignty. • Canals 34. Inspired by the English and Dutch systems, Americans began to eye the possibility of man-made waterways early to increase trade. • Cult of Domesticity 39. Emphasized new ideas of femininity, role within the home, dynamics of work and family: piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness. • Cultural Superiority 48. Proliferation of Western moral concepts, products, and political beliefs around the globe. • Gilded Age 68. Term coined by Mark Twain which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by rapid economic growth. • Holding Company 70. A company that does not produce goods or services itself; rather, its purpose is to own shares of other companies to form a corporate group. • Industrial Revolution 38. Transition to new manufacturing processes from about 1760 to 1840 causing average income and population to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. • Interchangeable Parts 33. Key idea in the late Industrial Revolution, made possible mass production of identical products. • Manifest Destiny 46. Widely held belief in the United States that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent. • Nativism 51. The policy of protecting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants. • New South 72. A term used to describe the southern U.S. after 1877 in contrast to the slavery-based plantation system of the antebellum period. • Racial Superiority 47. View that the Caucasians are superior to others and entitled to dominate, control, or rule. • Railroads 35. Moved goods and people across the US to spur westward expansion and economic growth. • Romantic Beliefs 29. Artistic, literary, and intellectual movement, peak 18001850, partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, included authors like Irving and Poe. • Second Great Awakening 65. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. • Sharecropping 73. A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a portion of the crops produced on the land. • Social Darwinism 71. Belief that the strong should see their wealth and power increase while the weak should see their wealth and power decrease. • Steam Engines 32. Powered early locomotives, steam boats, factories, fueled the Industrial Revolution. • Telegraph 36. Made instantaneous communication across distances possible. • Tenant Farming 74. Agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often operating capital/management; while farmers contribute their labor along with varying amounts of capital and management. Textile Machines 31. Major industry based on the conversion of fiber into yarn, fabric, and then materials. • Trans continental Railroad 75. Created when the Central Pacific and Union Pacific met. • Trust 69. Monopoly of business: Standard Oil, US Steel, etc. • Urbanization 67. Population shift to the cities. •