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Chapter 13 Objectives:
1)
List the major objects that make up our solar
system.
2)
Distinguish between a planet and a dwarf planet.
3)
Define an Astronomical Unit and convert it to
kilometers.
4)
Differentiate (with examples) between terrestrial
planets and giant planets.
5)
Be able to provide physical information on all
planets regarding location in the solar system, mass,
orbital periods, number of moons, and composition.
6)
Explain the physical features of our moon. What
were the apollo missions?
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7)
Explain comets including details on composition,
location, and orbits.
8)
Define an asteroid.
9)
Distinguish between meteoroid, meteor, and
meteorite.
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Ch. 13 The Solar System
► The solar system is composed of the S____,
p________, m_____, a__________, and c________;
all made from e________ as known on our p________
table.
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I)
Planets, Moons, and other Objects
A) Some Background Information
1) _________: an object that must be
 orbiting the Sun
 nearly spherical
 large enough to clear all matter from its orbital
zone.
Ex:
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2) ______ _________: an object that must be
 orbiting the Sun
 nearly spherical
 NOT large enough to clear all matter from its orbital
zone
 NOT a satellite of another object.
Ex:
3) Measurements in Space
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a) _______________ Unit (AU): The distance
between the earth and the Sun; 1.50 X 1011 m
(93,000,000 miles).
b) If light travels at 3.0 X 108 m/s (~600,000,000
mph), how many minutes does it take light to travel
from our Sun to the earth?
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4) Planet Classifications:
a) _____________ planets: planets with similar sizes,
densities, and nature of atmosphere to that of earth.
Ex.
b) _______ planets: planets with similar densities and
chemical composition to each other and are located
outside the orbit of mars.
Ex.
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B) Mercury
1) Data:
a) __________ to the Sun.
b) Slightly larger than _______ ______.
c) Orbits the Sun in approximately ___ months;
rotation is ____ earth days.
*see Table 13.1 (or handout) for more information.
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C) Venus
1) ____________ rotation of all planets;
____ earth days.
2) Extremely high temperatures due to
_____________ effect.
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D) The Earth’s Moon
1) Surface is composed of ___________,
_________, and ______ (formed from
ancient floods of lava).
2) Most of what is
known about the
moon was learned
during the _______
missions between
1967 and 1972 (see
Table 13.3).
Apollo 11 landing
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a) The moon’s surface is mainly composed of
fine, glass-like dust (probably brought by
_________) and rocks with the consistency
of the earth’s lava rocks known as ________.
E) Mars
1) Atmosphere is mainly _____.
2) Surface has v___________, c________, terraced
p________, and flat crater-pitted areas.
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a) Liquid H2SO4 (__________acid) can be found
on surface.
b) Signs of ____ existing on the surface in past. In
2009 a bomb detonated near the surface of mars
indicated ____ is present under the surface.
F) Jupiter
1) _________ of all the planets; 318X
the mass of earth.
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a) It’s density is only ¼ that of the earth.
2) The “giant ____ spot” is 25,000 miles long and is
composed of very cold clouds (coldest place on
the planet).
3) Jupiter has ____ satellites (moons).
a) The four largest moons (the
G__________ moons) are: Io,
Europa, Ganymede, and Calisto;
which are all larger than Mercury.
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G) Saturn
1) Another “gas giant” similar to Jupiter.
2) Most noted for its ________; gas and
dust debris.
3) Has ___ satellites. ________ is the largest and
is the only known moon in our solar system with
an atmosphere.
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H) Uranus and Neptune
1) Takes 84 years and 165 years,
respectively, to orbit the sun.
Radio signals take _____ hours to
travel from the earth to Uranus.
II) Small Bodies of the Solar System
A) __ o __ e __ __
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1) ________: a relatively small (5 – 10 miles in
diameter), solid body of frozen water, carbon
dioxide, ammonia, and methane, along with
dusty and rocky bits of materials mixed in.
2) Comets are believed to form in regions of space
located between _______ orbit and a light year
from the _____; areas called the Oort Cloud and
the Kuiper Belt.
Click on image
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3) The Tail of a Comet:
a) As the comet nears the Sun (1.0 to 1.5 AU
away) it begins to melt. Reflected sunlight
from the comet’s ______ and ionized
_______ from solar radiation can be seen
as the tail.
4) Comet’s Orbit:
a) Very e______________.
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b) H________ Comet: comes back into view
about every ____ years.
B) __ st __ r __ __ ds:
1) ____________: small rocky bodies
left over from the formation of the
universe.
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a) Located in a region of space between _______
and __________.
b) Sizes range from ___ mile in diameter up
to _____miles in diameter.
C) M __ t __ __ rs and M __ t __ __ r __ t __ s:
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1) _________: the remains of comets and asteroids.
2) _________: a meteoroid that is captured by the
earth’s gravity and enters our atmosphere
(a.k.a. a _________ ______).
3) ___________: a meteor that survives its fiery
trip through our atmosphere and lands on earth.
a) Types of Meteorites: _____ meteorite,
______ meteorite, and ______-______
meteorite.
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