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Scientific Revolution
Notebook #11
Explain how the scientific revolution
challenged authority and influenced
Enlightenment philosophers.
A. Middle Ages
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science ideas were based on:
1. writings of ancient Greece & Rome
2. teachings of Catholic Church
during the 1500s, thinkers began to gather
knowledge based on observation, experiments,
& math
1450—Johannes Gutenburg helped the
scientific revolution by inventing moveable
type
Scientists & Their
Contributions
Scientist
Nation
Discovery/Contribution
Claudius Ptolemy
Egypt
stated that the sun & planets move
around the Earth in circular paths
(geocentric theory)
Nicolaus Copernicus
Poland
stated that the sun was the center of
the universe (heliocentric theory)
Johannes Kepler
Germany
supported Copernicus; added that
planets move in elliptical orbits
Galileo Galilei
Italy
believed in careful experimentation;
improved scientific instruments (clock
& telescope); invented thermometer;
1st to see moons of other planets;
charged with heresy—anti-church
teachings
Isaac Newton
England
idea of gravity; laws of motion, his
ideas founded physics & calculus
Andreas Vesalius
Belgium
dissected dead humans; presented
detailed drawings of human anatomy
William Harvey
England
described the circulatory system
showing the heart as a pump
Robert Hooke
England
discovered cells
Robert Boyle
Ireland
proved that all substances are made
of basic elements that can’t be
broken down; air is made of gases
Antoine & Marie
Lavoisier
France
proved that materials need oxygen
to burn
Rene Descartes
France
stated that math was the source of
all scientific truth; founder of
rationalism—belief that reason is
the chief source of knowledge
Francis Bacon
England
developed the scientific method