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Scientific Revolution WHII.6a Essential Questions • What were some new scientific theories and discoveries? • What were some of the effects of these new theories? Nicolaus Copernicus • Polish scholar who developed the heliocentric theory of the universe. He said that the planets revolved around the sun. Johannes Kepler • A German astronomer and mathematician who calculated the orbits of the planets. He discovered that the planets did not orbit in a perfect circle. Galileo Galilei • Italian astronomer who used telescope to support the heliocentric theory. He observed four moons of Jupiter orbiting that planet exactly the way the Earth moved around the sun. • His observations challenge Church doctrine that the heavens were fixed, unmoving, and perfect. Isaac Newton • English scientist who developed the theory of gravity. He published his theory in 1687, in Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. William Harvey • English scholar who described the circulation of the blood in the human body in the early 1600s. Scientific Revolution • Why was the scientific revolution important? A. It emphasized reason and systematic observation of nature. B. The scientific method was formulated. C. It expanded scientific knowledge.