Download Revival and reform

Revival and Reform
Standards & Essential Question
• SSUSH 7c: Describe the reform
movements, specifically temperance,
abolitionism and public school.
• E.Q. What are the underlying causes of
the reform movement?
Take Five…
• What was the 2nd Great Awakening?
• What types of areas were targets for
reformers during the early to mid 1800’s?
• Were most of the reformers men or
women?
Religion in America
The Second Great Awakening
Charles Grandison Finney
Camp meetings
Circuit riders
Finis Ewing, Peter Cartwright
New denominations
“Burned-over” district
Adventists
People who believe in the second
Advent of Jesus.
Where did it originate…?
• It originated in New England in the United States
• It mainly spread through the United States,
followed by missionaries who spread the religion
throughout the world.
Founders?
• Main founders and supporters include…
• William Miller: Preacher who launched the “Second Great
Awakening” , Also predicted the Great Disappointment.
• James and Ellen White: After the great disappointment they rose
and uplifted the spirits of the disappointed Adventist people. Jane
White also became a well rounded author and also a respected
religious leader.
• J.J Andrews: He was one of the first missionaries to venture over
seas and was partly responsible for the spreading of the Adventist
religion to other countries and cultures.
• George Storrs: Founded the Life and Advent Union.
Adventists Beliefs…
• Main Beliefs include…
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Importance of seeing God’s true character
They want to model themselves after God’s character.
They have symbols that they use to celebrate Jesus.
They include…
Washing of the feet – showing love to others
Drinking wine or grape juice- Jesus’ blood
Eating bread- Jesus’ flesh
The remains…
• Adventists still remains today.
• It is part of the Christian domination.
• It is practiced world wide, mainly in the
United States.
The “burned-over” district
The Adventists
William Miller & Joshua V. Himes
Halley’s comet
Hiram Edson
William Miller
The Mormons
Joseph Smith
Moving west
Nauvoo, IL
Brigham Young
Salt Lake City, UT
Polygamy
Brigham Young = 55 wives & 56
children
Joseph Smith
Brigham Young
Fruitlands
By: Allie Todd
2/3 period
9-2-2009
Founder
 The fruitlands were founded by Amos Bronson Alcott.
 He discovered the fruitlands after seeing the shaker commune
and visiting transcendental centers in England.
 Created his first “experimental” commune in Harvard,
Massachusetts in the summer of 1842.
 He imagined it being the “new Eden”
 His main goals were to establish separate identities away from
society.
Rules
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Must be abstinent from all worldly society.
Cannot purchase land.
Never try to produce more goods than you can consume.
Not allowed to eat meat, drink milk, tea, or coffee.
No animal substances are allowed to “corrupt” their bodies.
Must be strict vegans.
Only allowed to drink water and eat fruit.
Cold showers only.
Simple clothing only.
Men and women live together not separately.
Beliefs
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Animals were less intelligent than humans so
humans were suppose to protect them not kill them.
 Flesh is not a clean food so why not eat flesh of fruit.
 Based society of their own economy.
 Did not trade with the outside world.
The End
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The biggest challenge was farming.
Not wanting to use animals hurt their farms and their economy.
They did not make enough food to make it through the winter.
It was also hampered by their structure.
Lots of contradictions were made between leaders.
Rules were to strict for living.
Many member rebelled and left to become nudists, enter insane
asylums, become criminals, and etc.
 The experiment only lasted seven months.
Legacy
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Strongly impacted American communes and the
Transcendentalist movement.
 Left a legacy of inspired authors and artists.
 The Fruitlands is now a Shaker and art museum.
Oneida
By: G Costa
Location
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Present day NY
6 nations
5 nations
Adopted a new tribe from the south and
became the 6 nations.
Founder
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Prophet and chief Handsome lake
Had visions
Longhouse religion
Wrote codes (treated like sins).
Beliefs
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Believed in heaven on earth
Outlawed drunkenness, gambling,
quarreling, wife-beating and witchcraft.
Had many Christian influence on the
longhouse religion.
Utopian communities
Brook Farm
The Shakers
Mother Ann Lee
New Harmony
Robert Owen
Fruitlands
Bronson Alcott
Oneida
John Humphrey Noyes
“Complex marriages”
Eugenics
Mother Ann Lee and the
Shakers
The Oneida’s
AMISH PEOPLE
BY: BRANDON WILLIAMS
WHO ARE THE AMISH ?
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An orthodox
Anabaptist sect that
separated from the
Mennonites in the late
17th century and exists
today primarily in Ohio
and southeast
Pennsylvania.
FOUNDED BY?
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Menno Simons (1496-1561)
BELIEFS
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THEY DON’T BELIEVE IN
TECHNOLOGY
THEY THINK EVERYTHING
SHOULD BE DONE
NATURALY
Aaren Viars
U.S. History
Mrs. Stanley
9/30/09
Mennonites
Information
• Founded by Menno Simons
• A form of Anabaptism
• Mennonites were persecuted during the
protestant Reformation.
• Mennonites came to America in the 1700s
• Today there are over 1 million Mennonites
Religion
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No infant baptisms
Pacifists
No violence
Salvation through faith in Jesus
Adult believers baptized
Groups
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Old Order Mennonites
1. Rode on horses and in buggies
2. Don’t participate in politics
3. Children are taught by church operated schools
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Conservative Mennonites
1. Dress conservatively
2. Use most technology
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Progressive Mennonites
1. Not strict with bible
2. Women Pastors
3. Practice a liberal agenda
The Anabaptist
movement
by: Brittany Smith
The Anabaptists
 It was founded around 1522
 It was founded in Zurich, Switzerland .
 January 21, 1525, is considered the birth
date of Anabaptism.
 "Anabaptist" comes from the practice of
baptizing individuals who had been
baptized previously, often as infants.
Continued..
 They believed infant baptism is not valid,
because a child cant commit to a religious
faith, and they support what's called believer's
baptism.
 The non-revolutionary Anabaptists of
Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and the
Netherlands, were some what of a trial to the
leading reformers because of their radical
views on the nature of the church and of the
Christian ethic.
Anabaptist
 The Anabaptists held that a person must first
believe the gospel before they could be
accepted into the Church with the sign of water
baptism.
 One can not obtain or protect their rights by the
use of force
 They could not have private property but must
share all their goods in common with Christ's
brothers and sisters.
Continued..
 The Anabaptists taught, like Jesus did,
that the way to the Kingdom of God is on
a narrow path. Each of the Anabaptist
beliefs make the path narrower.
 Believers Baptism
 Pacifism
 Community
Transcendentalism
Ralph Waldo Emerson--Nature
Henry David Thoreau—Civil Disobedience &
Walden
Dissenters
Nathaniel Hawthorne—Brook Farm
Margaret Fuller
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
Other new fads and trends
• Phrenology
• Health fads—warm springs
• Smallpox vaccine discovered
• Ignaz Semmelweis
• Indian Reservation Reform
• Education reform
– Horace Mann
Prison Reformers
By: Ana Torres
Where and when were Prison
Reforms founded?
• First founded in Philadelphia
• Spread to other parts of Pennsylvania
• Later started spreading throughout the
United States
• Started in the early 1800’s
Beliefs of Prison Reformers?
• Deterrence
• Rehabilitation
• Moral Improvement
• Most reformers were deeply religious
philanthropists
Do Prison Reforms still exist?
• Yes, there are still prison reforms in the
United States
Evangelical Reformers
Gallaudet, Howe & Bridgman
Dorothea Dix
Prison reform
Cesare Beccaria
Pennsylvania System
Auburn System
Juvenile crime
Take Five…What do the following
political cartoons refer to?
A
B
Temperance movement
Carry Nation—”Scary Carry”
Moral and social reform
Early temperance movement
Dr. Benjamin Rush
Washington Temperance Society
Sons of Temperance
John B. Gough
Prohibition
Massachusetts
Fifteen Gallon Law
New York
Maine
Problems with Immigration
Customs and culture
Religion
Catholicism
Anti-Catholicism movement
Order of the Star Spangled Banner
“Know-nothings” (American party)
Missionaries
American Tract Society & American
Bible Society
American Board of Foreign Missions
Sandwich Islands, Hawaii
The Women’s Movement
Seneca Falls convention
“Declaration of Sentiments & Resolutions”
Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Abolitionists
Grimke Sisters (Sarah & Angelina)
Grimke Sisters
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
Amelia Bloomer
Abolitionists
• William Lloyd Garrison
• American Abolitionist Society
The Abolition Movement
By: Joi Bockstoce
When was the Abolition Movement?
• The Abolition movement happened
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in the 1800’s to end slavery.
The majority of abolitionists activity
happened in the United States and
Great Britain, but it also happened in
other countries as well.
Antislavery began in the colonial days
in the United States.
What was established during the
Abolition Movement?
• The African Colonization Society was a
group founded in 1816 to return blacks
to their home continent
• The American Anti-Slavery Society was
founded in 1833
What were the religious views on
the Abolition Movement?
• The Society of Friends, otherwise
known as the Quakers, stood almost
alone in professing that slaveholding was
opposed with Christian practices
• abolitionists pursued immediate
emancipation through moral persuasion
tactics and condemned it on moral
grounds.
What happened to end the Abolition
Movement?
• Amidst the Civil War, political abolitionists
mustered public pressure to try and force, and
succeeded in having, President Abraham
Lincoln to adopt freedom as the war goal
• So with the end of the war, came the end of
slavery.
The Changing Workplace
Year long work
Long hours
Little pay
Harsh conditions
Repetitive work
Lowell mills
“mill girls”
Beginnings of Unionization
Lowell Mills
Union is Power
• Abundant work force
• National Trades’ Union
– Shoemakers strike 1806
– 6 large industries join in 1834
• Opposition by banks, owners, and courts
• Commonwealth v Hunt (1842)
– Ruled in favor of striking workers