Download Accounting for Current Liabilities

Chapter
11-1
CHAPTER 11
CURRENT
LIABILITIES AND
PAYROLL
ACCOUNTING
Accounting Principles, Eighth Edition
Chapter
11-2
Study Objectives
1.
Explain a current liability, and identify the major
types of current liabilities.
2. Describe the accounting for notes payable.
3. Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
4. Explain the financial statement presentation and
analysis of current liabilities.
5. Describe the accounting and disclosure
requirements for contingent liabilities.
6. Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
7. Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
8. Discuss the objectives of internal control for
payroll.
Chapter
11-3
Current Liabilities and Payroll Accounting
Accounting for
Current
Liabilities
Contingent
Liabilities
Payroll
Accounting
Notes payable
Recording
Sales taxes
payable
Disclosure
Determining
payroll
Unearned
revenues
Employer payroll
taxes
Current maturities
of long-term debt
Filing and
remitting payroll
taxes
Statement
presentation and
analysis
Chapter
11-4
Recording payroll
Internal control for
payroll
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Current liability is debt with two key features:
1. Company expects to pay the debt from existing
current assets or through the creation of
other current liabilities.
2. Company will pay the debt within one year or
the operating cycle, whichever is longer.
Current liabilities include notes payable, accounts payable,
unearned revenues, and accrued liabilities such as taxes
payable, salaries payable, and interest payable.
Chapter
11-5
LO 1 Explain a current liability, and identify
the major types of current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Question
To be classified as a current liability, a debt must be
expected to be paid:
a. out of existing current assets.
b. by creating other current liabilities.
c. within 2 years.
d. both (a) and (b).
Chapter
11-6
LO 1 Explain a current liability, and identify
the major types of current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Notes Payable
Written promissory note.
Require the borrower to pay interest.
Issued for varying periods.
Chapter
11-7
LO 2 Describe the accounting for notes payable.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
E11-2 On June 1, Melendez Company borrows $90,000
from First Bank on a 6-month, $90,000, 12% note.
Instructions
a) Prepare the entry on June 1.
b) Prepare the adjusting entry on June 30.
c) Prepare the entry at maturity (December 1), assuming
monthly adjusting entries have been made through
November 30.
d) What was the total financing cost (interest expense)?
Chapter
11-8
LO 2 Describe the accounting for notes payable.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
E11-2 On June 1, Melendez Company borrows $90,000
from First Bank on a 6-month, $90,000, 12% note.
a) Prepare the entry on June 1.
Cash
90,000
Notes payable
90,000
b) Prepare the adjusting entry on June 30.
$90,000 x 12% x 1/12 = $900
Interest expense
Interest payable
Chapter
11-9
900
900
LO 2 Describe the accounting for notes payable.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
E11-2 On June 1, Melendez Company borrows $90,000
from First Bank on a 6-month, $90,000, 12% note.
c) Prepare the entry at maturity (December 1), assuming
monthly adjusting entries have been made through
November 30.
Notes payable
Interest payable
Cash
90,000
5,400
95,400
d) What was the total financing cost (interest expense)?
$5,400
Chapter
11-10
LO 2 Describe the accounting for notes payable.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Sales Tax Payable
Sales taxes are expressed as a stated
percentage of the sales price.
Either rung up separately or included in total
receipts.
Retailer collects tax from the customer.
Retailer remits the collections to the state’s
department of revenue.
Chapter
11-11
LO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
E11-3 In providing accounting services to small
businesses, you encounter the following situations pertaining
to cash sales.
1. Warkentinne Company rings up sales and sales taxes
separately on its cash register. On April 10, the register
totals are sales $30,000 and sales taxes $1,500.
2. Rivera Company does not segregate sales and sales taxes.
Its register total for April 15 is $23,540, which includes a
7% sales tax.
Instructions: Prepare the entry to record the sales
transactions and related taxes for each client.
Chapter
11-12
LO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
E11-3 1. Warkentinne Company rings up sales and
sales taxes separately on its cash register. On April
10, the register totals are sales $30,000 and sales
taxes $1,500.
Cash
31,500
Sales
Sales tax payable
Chapter
11-13
30,000
1,500
LO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
E11-3 2. Rivera Company does not segregate sales and
sales taxes. Its register total for April 15 is $23,540,
which includes a 7% sales tax.
$23,540 / 1.07 = $22,000
Cash
Sales
Sales tax payable
Chapter
11-14
23,540
22,000
1,540
LO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Unearned Revenue
Revenues that are received before the company
delivers goods or provides services.
1. Company debits Cash, and
credits a current liability
account (unearned revenue).
2. When the company earns
the revenue, it debits the
Unearned Revenue account,
and credits a revenue account.
Chapter
11-15
LO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
E11-4 Guyer Company publishes a monthly sports
magazine, Fishing Preview. Subscriptions to the magazine
cost $20 per year. During November 2008, Guyer sells
12,000 subscriptions beginning with the December issue.
Guyer prepares financial statements quarterly and
recognizes subscription revenue earned at the end of the
quarter.The company uses the accounts Unearned
Subscriptions and Subscription Revenue.
Instructions: (a) Prepare the entry in November for the
receipt of the subscriptions. (b) Prepare the adjusting
entry at December 31, 2008. (c) Prepare the adjusting
entry at March 31, 2009.
Chapter
11-16
LO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
E11-4 (a) Prepare the entry in November for the receipt
of the subscriptions. (b) Prepare the adjusting entry at
December 31, 2008. (c) Prepare the adjusting entry at
March 31, 2009.
Nov. 30
Cash (12,000 x $20)
Unearned subscriptions
Dec. 31
1 month
Unearned subscriptions
Subscriptions revenue
20,000
Mar. 31
3 months
Unearned subscriptions
Subscriptions revenue
60,000
Chapter
11-17
240,000
240,000
20,000
60,000
LO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Current Maturities of Long-Term Debt
Portion of long-term debt that comes due in the
current year.
No adjusting entry required.
Chapter
11-18
LO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Statement Presentation and Analysis
Illustration 11-3
Chapter
11-19
LO 4 Explain the financial statement presentation
and analysis of current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Question
Working capital is calculated as:
a. current assets minus current liabilities.
b. total assets minus total liabilities.
c. long-term liabilities minus current liabilities.
d. both (b) and (c).
Chapter
11-20
LO 4 Explain the financial statement presentation
and analysis of current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Statement Presentation and Analysis
Illustration 11-4
The current ratio
permits us to compare
the liquidity of
different-sized
companies and of a
single company at
different times.
Chapter
11-21
Liquidity refers to
the ability to pay
maturing obligations
and meet unexpected
needs for cash.
Illustration 11-5
LO 4 Explain the financial statement presentation
and analysis of current liabilities.
Contingent Liabilities
The likelihood that the future event will confirm
the incurrence of a liability can range from
probable to remote.
FASB uses three areas of probability:
Probable.
Reasonably possible.
Remote.
Chapter
11-22
LO 5 Describe the accounting and disclosure
requirements for contingent liabilities.
Contingent Liabilities
Chapter
11-23
Probability
Accounting
Probable
Accrue
Reasonably
Possible
Footnote
Remote
Ignore
LO 5 Describe the accounting and disclosure
requirements for contingent liabilities.
Contingent Liabilities
Question
A contingent liability should be recorded in the accounts
when:
a. it is probable the contingency will happen, but the
amount cannot be reasonably estimated.
b. it is reasonably possible the contingency will happen,
and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
c. it is probable the contingency will happen, and the
amount can be reasonably estimated.
d. it is reasonably possible the contingency will happen,
but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated.
Chapter
11-24
LO 5 Describe the accounting and disclosure
requirements for contingent liabilities.
Contingent Liabilities
Recording a Contingent Liability
Product Warranties
Promise made by a seller to a buyer to make good
on a deficiency of quantity, quality, or performance
in a product.
Estimated cost of honoring product warranty
contracts should be recognized as an expense in the
period in which the sale occurs.
Chapter
11-25
LO 5 Describe the accounting and disclosure
requirements for contingent liabilities.
Contingent Liabilities
BE11-6 On December 1, Diaz Company introduces a
new product that includes a one-year warranty on
parts. In December, 1,000 units are sold. Management
believes that 5% of the units will be defective and that
the average warranty costs will be $80 per unit.
Prepare the adjusting entry at December 31 to accrue
the estimated warranty cost.
1,000 units x 5% x $80 = $4,000
Dec. 31
Chapter
11-26
Warranty expense
Warranty liability
4,000
4,000
LO 5 Describe the accounting and disclosure
requirements for contingent liabilities.
Payroll Accounting
The term “payroll” pertains to both:
Salaries - managerial, administrative, and sales
personnel (monthly or yearly rate).
Wages - store clerks, factory employees, and
manual laborers (rate per hour).
Determining the payroll involves computing three
amounts: (1) gross earnings, (2) payroll deductions,
and (3) net pay.
Chapter
11-27
Determining the Payroll
Gross Earnings
Total compensation earned by an employee (wages
or salaries, plus any bonuses and commissions).
Illustration 11-8
Chapter
11-28
LO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Determining the Payroll
Payroll Deductions
Mandatory:
Voluntary:
FICA tax
Charity
Federal income tax
Retirement
State income tax
Union dues
Health and life insurance
Pension plans
Chapter
11-29
LO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Determining the Payroll
Payroll Deductions
Mandatory:
Social Security taxes
 Supplemental retirement,
employment disability, and
medical benefits.
FICA tax
Federal income tax
State income tax
 In 2006, the rate was
7.65% (6.2% Social Security
plus 1.45% Medicare) on the
first $94,200 of gross
earnings for each employee.
For purpose of illustration,
assume a rate of 8% on the
first $90,000 of gross
earnings, maximum of $7,200.
Chapter
11-30
LO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Determining the Payroll
Payroll Deductions
 Employers are required to
Mandatory:
FICA tax
Federal income tax
State income tax
Chapter
11-31
withhold income taxes from
employees pay.
 Withholding amounts are
based on gross wages and
the number of allowances
claimed.
LO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Determining the Payroll
Payroll Deductions
Mandatory:
FICA tax
Federal income tax
State income tax
Chapter
11-32
 Most states (and some
cities) require employers
to withhold income taxes
from employees’ earnings.
LO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Determining the Payroll
Net Pay
Gross earnings minus payroll deductions.
Chapter
11-33
Illustration 11-11
LO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Recording the Payroll
Maintaining Payroll Department Records
Employer required by law to keep a cumulative
record of each employee’s gross earnings,
deductions, and net pay during the year.
Illustration 11-12
Employee earnings record
Chapter
11-34
LO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Recording the Payroll
Maintaining Payroll Department Records
Many companies find it useful to prepare a payroll
register. This record accumulates the gross
earnings, deductions, and net pay by employee for
each pay period.
Illustration 11-13
Payroll register
Chapter
11-35
LO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Recording the Payroll
Recognizing Payroll Expenses and Liabilities
E11-10 Joyce Kieffer’s regular hourly wage rate is $15,
and she receives a wage of 1.5 times the regular hourly
rate for work in excess of 40 hours. During a March
weekly pay period Joyce worked 42 hours. Her gross
earnings prior to the current week were $6,000. Joyce is
married and claims three withholding allowances. Her only
voluntary deduction is for group hospitalization insurance
at $25 per week. For state income tax, assume a 2.0%
rate.
Instructions: Record Joyce’s pay, assuming she is an
office computer operator.
Chapter
11-36
LO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Recording the Payroll
E11-10 Record Joyce’s pay, assuming she is an office
computer operator.
Wages expense
645.00 *
FICA tax payable
51.60 **
Federal tax payable
55.00 ***
State tax payable
12.90 ****
Insurance payable
25.00
Wages payable
*
(40 x $15) + (2 x $22.50) = $645
** $645 x 8% = $51.60
Chapter
11-37
500.50
*** Table, next slide
**** $645 x 2% = $12.90
LO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Recording the Payroll
E11-10 Joyce is married and claims three withholding
Illustration 11-10
allowances.
Federal Tax
Withholding
Chapter
11-38
LO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Recording the Payroll
Recording Payment of the Payroll
Using the facts from E11-10.
Wages payable
Cash
Chapter
11-39
500.50
500.50
LO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Employer Payroll Taxes
Payroll tax expense results from three taxes that
governmental agencies levy on employers.
 Same rate and maximum
These taxes are:
earnings as the employee’s.
FICA tax
Federal
unemployment tax
State
unemployment tax
Chapter
11-40
 In 2006, the rate was
7.65% (6.2% Social Security
plus 1.45% Medicare) on the
first $94,200 of gross
earnings for each employee.
LO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
Employer Payroll Taxes
Payroll tax expense results from three taxes that
governmental agencies levy on employers.
 FUTA tax rate is 6.2% of
These taxes are:
FICA
Federal
unemployment tax
State
unemployment tax
Chapter
11-41
first $7,000 of taxable
wages.
 Employers who pay the
state unemployment tax on a
timely basis will receive an
offset credit of up to 5.4%.
Therefore, the net federal
tax rate is generally 0.8%.
LO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
Employer Payroll Taxes
Payroll tax expense results from three taxes that
governmental agencies levy on employers.
These taxes are:
FICA
Federal
unemployment tax
State
unemployment tax
Chapter
11-42
 SUTA basic rate is usually
5.4% on the first $7,000 of
wages paid.
LO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
Employer Payroll Taxes
E11-14 According to a payroll register summary of Ruiz
Company, the amount of employees’ gross pay in
December was $850,000, of which $90,000 was not
subject to FICA tax and $750,000 was not subject to
state and federal unemployment taxes.
Instructions:
Prepare the journal entry to record December payroll tax
expense. Use the following rates: FICA 8%, state
unemployment 5.4%, federal unemployment 0.8%.
Chapter
11-43
LO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
Employer Payroll Taxes
E11-14 Prepare the journal entry to record December
payroll tax expense. Use the following rates: FICA 8%,
state unemployment 5.4%, federal unemployment 0.8%.
Payroll tax expense
67,000
FICA tax payable
60,800 *
State unemployment tax payable
Federal unemployment tax payable
*
$760,000 x 8% = $60,800
5,400 **
800 ***
*** $100,000 x .8% = $5,400
** $100,000 x 5.4% = $5,400
Chapter
11-44
LO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
Employer Payroll Taxes
Question
Employer payroll taxes do not include:
a. Federal unemployment taxes.
b. State unemployment taxes.
c. Federal income taxes.
d. FICA taxes.
Chapter
11-45
LO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
Filing and Remitting Payroll Taxes
Companies must report FICA taxes and federal
income taxes withheld no later than one month
following the close of each quarter.
Companies generally file and remit federal
unemployment taxes annually on or before January 31
of the subsequent year. Companies usually file and pay
state unemployment taxes by the end of the month
following each quarter.
Employers must provide each employee with a Wage
and Tax Statement (Form W-2) by January 31.
Chapter
11-46
LO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
Internal Control for Payroll
As applied to payroll, the objectives of internal
control are
1. to safeguard company assets against
unauthorized payments of payrolls, and
2. to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the
accounting records pertaining to payrolls.
Chapter
11-47
LO 8 Discuss the objectives of internal control for payroll.
Additional Fringe Benefits
In addition to the three payroll-tax
fringe benefits, employers incur other
substantial fringe benefit costs.
Two of the most important fringe
benefits include:
Paid absences
Post-retirement benefits
Chapter
11-48
LO 9 Identify additional fringe benefits
associated with employee compensation.
Paid Absences
•Employees often are given rights to receive
compensation for absence when they meet certain
conditions of employment.
•The compensation may be for paid vacations, sick
pay benefits, and paid holidays.
•When the payment for such absences is probable
and the amount can be reasonably estimated, the
company should accrue a liability for paid future
absences.
Chapter
11-49
•When the amount cannot be reasonably estimated,
the company should instead disclose the potential
liability.
LO 9 Identify additional fringe benefits
associated with employee compensation.
Post-Retirement Benefits
Post-retirement benefits are benefits that employers
provide to retired employees for (1) pensions and (2)
health care and life insurance.
Companies account for post-retirement benefits on the
accrual basis.
The cost of post-retirement benefits is getting steep.
Chapter
11-50
LO 9 Identify additional fringe benefits
associated with employee compensation.
Pensions
A pension plan is an agreement whereby employers
provide benefits to employees after they retire.
There are two types of pension plans:
In a defined-contribution plan, the plan defines the
contribution that an employer will make but not the
benefit that the employee will receive at retirement.
This is often referred to as a 401 (k) plan.
In a defined-benefit plan, the employer agrees to pay
a defined amount to retirees, based on employees
meeting certain eligibility standards.
Chapter
11-51
LO 9 Identify additional fringe benefits
associated with employee compensation.
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Chapter
11-52