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24-2: War in Europe 1936 • Hitler sends troops to the Rhineland (buffer zone between Germany and France) • Considered a violation of the Treaty of Versailles and an act of war September 1938: Neville Chamberlain signs the Munich Pact? • Munich Pact: Great Britain and France appease Hitler by allowing Germany to take the Sudetenland • In return Hitler agrees that this would be his last territorial demand Winston Churchill Opposes the Munich Pact • Churchill's remark: "You were given the choice between war and dishonor. You chose dishonor and you will have war." • Churchill did not believe that Great Britain should pacify an aggressor like Hitler in order to keep the peace = appeasement 3. Germany and the USSR sign nonaggression pact • August 1939: Germany and the USSR agree not to fight each other = nonaggression pact • Germany and the USSR enter into a secret agreement to invade Poland and divide the country between them. 4. 1939 Poland /France and Great Britain Responds. • September 1939: Germany invades Poland. Meanwhile USSR invades Poland from the East. Poland is divided between the USSR and Germany, Poland ceases to exist • Great Britain and France declare war on Germany/World War II has begun An armored column of Third Reich forces streams into Poland in September 1939, igniting the war in Europe. ON BACK OF PAPER: • Lightning war strategy used by Germany against Poland in 1939 • …and used against Norway, Demark, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France in the spring of 1940. • Germany uses tanks and planes to take the enemy by surprise and crush them quickly SURRENDER TERMS OFFERED TO FRANCE • Germany occupies the Northern Part of France • A Nazi-controlled puppet government is set up at Vichy in Southern France • On Back of Paper: Charles de Gaulle: The French general sets up a French government in exile in England. He promises to free France from the Nazis. • Summer 1940: Hitler begins air raids over England as a first step toward invading Great Britain • The Germans bomb London night after night in August of 1940 • The RAF successfully defends Britain against these attacks using the new technology of radar to locate and shoot down hundreds of German planes • Hitler is forced to call off the invasion of Britain The Battle of Britain