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Unit 3
The Human Body
Chapter 6
Organization of the Human Body
Life
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Homeostasis
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Body systems
Human body
Cells
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Organelles
Question
• True or False:
– Tissues are the smallest living structure in the
body.
Answer
• False
• Cells
– Smallest living structures in body
• Tissues
– Cells with similar function grouped together
Cell Components
Organelles
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Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
(continued)
Organelles
• Centrioles
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Vesicles
Tissues
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Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular
Question
• Which of the following types of tissues
holds parts of the body in place?
A. Muscular
B. Epithelial
C. Connective
Answer
• C. Connective
• Connective tissue
– Holds parts of body in place
• Epithelial tissue
– Covers
• Muscular tissue
– Allows movement
Describing the Body
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Anatomical position
Body planes
Directional terms
Body cavities
Abdominal regions
Anatomical Position
Body Planes
• Midsagittal plane
• Frontal plane
• Transverse plane
Sagittal Plane
Frontal and Transverse Plane
Question
• Which of the following planes divides the
body into front and back portions?
A. Midsagittal
B. Frontal
C. Transverse
Answer
• B. Frontal
• Frontal plane
– Divides body into front and back portions
• Midsagittal plane
– Divides body into right and left sides
• Transverse plane
– Divides body into top and bottom portions
Directional Terms
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Lateral
Medial
Anterior (ventral)
Posterior (dorsal)
Inferior
(continued)
Directional Terms
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Superior
Caudal
Cephalic (cranial)
Deep
Superficial
(continued)
Directional Terms
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Distal
Peripheral
Proximal
Apex
Base
Question
• True or False:
– The medial side of the foot would be the inside
aspect of the foot.
Answer
• True
• Medial
– Toward midline or center of body
• Medial aspect of foot would be inside portion
• Lateral
– Opposite of medial
– Away from center of body or toward sides
Body Cavities
• Posterior (dorsal) body cavity
– Cranial or spinal
• Anterior (ventral) body cavity
– Thoracic, abdominal, or pelvic
• Smaller cavities
– Orbital, nasal, or buccal
(continued)
Body Cavities
Question
• True or False:
– The cranial cavity contains the spinal cord.
Answer
• False
• Spinal cavity
– Located within spinal column
– Contains spinal cord
• Cranial cavity
– Located in skull
– Contains brain
Abdominal Regions
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Epigastric
Right and left hypochondriac
Umbilical
Right and left lumbar
Hypogastric
Right and left iliac
Regions
Question
• Which of the following regions is located
just below the sternum (breastbone)?
A. Hypogastric
B. Hypochondriac
C. Epigastric
Answer
• C. Epigastric
• Epigastric region
– Located just below stomach
• Hypogastric region
– Located over pubic area
Answer
• C. Epigastric
• Hypochondriac regions
– Located below ribs on either side of epigastric
region
Abdominal Quadrants