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The American Revolution
Betsy Ross Flag
Symbol of revolution
But never adopted by
congress
Continental Congress Flag
Stripes are taken from East
India Company
East India Company
The American Revolution
The American Revolution
Who
What
When
Where
Causes
Consequences
Imperialism and Colonialism
British Domination
Documentation
Thirteen Colonies
• Seven Years War was a financial disaster for
France and Britain
• Britain 14 million pounds in debt
• 300,000 pounds per year to defend BNA
(France is gone but Spanish in Louisiana)
• Attempts to cover this amount and how to
administer Quebec leads to unrest in the
Thirteen Colonies
The Intolerable Acts
Navigation Act
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series of laws from the 1660s controlling trade in the
Empire
Goods must pass on British ships between British colonies
Enforced in the 1770s because of colonists smuggling with
the French during the war
Called for trial by captain of the ship NOT trial by jury of
peers
Significance: economic and political rights
•
“NoStamp
Taxation
without
representation”
Act
• taxation on documents
1765
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Repealed in 1766
Significance: purely revenue-raising
Quartering Act
1765
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Required colonists to provide room and board for British
soldiers
Significance: political frustrations
Townshend Act
1767
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taxes on tea, glass, paints imported from Britain
Boycott urged
All but tea tax repealed, Boston Tea Party
Britain introduced new Quartering Act. Why so?
Significance: political frustrations
Quebec Act 1774
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Blocked westward expansion of America into Ohio valley
Protection offered to Roman Catholicism
Failed to provide elected Assembly
Significance: final straw
American Revolution
• Continental Congress – 1774 Invites
Quebec delegates
• 1775 The Continental Congress decides
to invade Quebec to seize its ports and
eliminate the region as a staging ground
to attack New York and New England
• Two American armies invade in 1775
Washington’s Letter to Quebec
• Washington and the Continental
Congress hoped to soften Canadiens
reaction to the invasion by publishing a
“Letter to the Inhabitants of Canada” in
the summer of 1775.
• Read the letter and identify the ways in
which the Americans tried to convince
Canadiens to assist the “liberation.”
Outcome of the American
Invasion
• Carleton defeated the Americans at
Quebec and drove the survivors out of
the colony
• A 1777 British invasion of New York
launched from Quebec ended in
disaster at Saratoga
• Quebec was not attacked again during
the war (or again until 1812)
Perception vs. Reality
Mythology:
• gives legitimacy to
the ground on which
the states is founded.
• basis for national
pride.
• inspiration which
motivates.
Perception vs. Reality
• Mass, collective, unified effort
• 1/3 for, 1/3 against, 1/3 neutral.
• King George a tyrant who sought to seriously
erode the established liberties
• Very limited power in England, of German origin.
Portrayed (erroneously?) as Mad King George.
• Britain calculating and interfering
• Very little new legislation, often enforcement of
existing legislation. 94.5% approved by JCPC
• Colonies paid no direct tax, not even for defense.
American Revolutionaries
Terrorists or Freedom fighters?