Download Describe the Schlieffen Plan

Ch. 16
16:1 Road to WWI
• Objectives: Identify countries involved in the
Triple alliance and Triple Entente
• Explain how militarism and the alliance system
were causes of the war
• What event triggered the war in Europe?
• Describe the Schlieffen Plan
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Triple Alliance =
Triple Entente =
Militarism –
Conscription –
Identify: Serbia, Balkans, Austria-Hungary,
Russia, Sarajevo, Bosnia
• Read “Serbian Problems” p. 500
• June 28, 1914:
• Austria-Hungary’s Archduke Francis Ferdinand
assassinated while visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia
• Austria-Hungary responds:
• by getting Germany to back them as they
• Take Serbia
• By July 28:
• A-H declares war on Serbia &
Russia mobilizes
• Mobilization –
• assemble troops & supplies
• Germany declares war on Russia
• Schlieffen Plan – Germany’s plan for a 2-front
war (Gen. Alfred von Schlieffen)
• August 4:
• Great Britain declares war on Germany for
violation of Belgium's neutrality
Summary
• Identify countries involved in the Triple alliance
and Triple Entente
• Explain how militarism and the alliance system
were causes of the war
• What event triggered the war in Europe?
• Describe the Schlieffen Plan
16:2 THE WAR
• Propaganda
•
spread of ideas to influence public opinion
• Western Front
•
Germany’s attack to the west
• Who is on the eastern front?
• Typical war movement/maneuvers
• * Italy betrays Triple Alliance by attacking
Austria! (1915)
• -trench development unexpected
• -protected by 5’ X 30yds barbed wire
• -new allies found in search for trench
advantage
N0-man’s land
latrines
• Machine guns, heavy artillery, poison gas,
airplanes
• War of attrition
• based on wearing down other side by constant
attacks
• zepplin
• U.S. involvement
• U-boats = German submarines
• 1915 Lusitania (Br)
• 1917 U.S. joins war due to continued unrestricted
sub warfare
• (Zimmerman note)
• U.S. President: Woodrow Wilson
• Total War/Home Front-all citizens
• Gov’t powers increase: rationing
• New roles for women…
• 1918 after the war….
Summary
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What were the Western/Eastern Fronts?
What was propaganda used for?
Describe trench warfare
Describe new weapons used
What led to the U.S. involvement?
• Read “Lusitania” National Geographic p.511
16:3 Russian Revolution
• Objectives:
– Who are the Bolsheviks?
– Who are the Soviets?
– Who was the Red Army?
Czar Nicholas II and Alexandria
last Russian czar
• 1917 - working women strikes; soldiers join
• Duma = legislative body urged czar to step
down
• New Gov’t by Alexander Kerensky
• Soviets – composed of representatives from
workers & soldiers = socialists representing
radical interest of lower class
• Bolsheviks - led by Vladimir Lenin; known for
violent revolutions…..b/c Communist
• Communist Red Army leader Leon Trotsky
• Policy of war Communism – gov’t control of
banks, industries, farms
• By 1921- Communist in control & hostile to
Allies
• Who was the last czar family in Russia?
• Who were the Bolsheviks?
• Who were the Soviets?
• Describe the Russian Revolution
16:4 End of War
• Sept. 1918 allies advance toward Germany as
German gamble fails (to end stalemate near Paris)
• Armistice – 11th month, 11th day, 11th hour
• What happens in Germany after armistice?
– Radical socialists form Communist Party
– Ethnic groups want independence
– Austria-Hungarian empire splits up
• Treaty of Versailles 1919
• 27 allied nation reps. Met to make final settlement
• BIG THREE/FOUR:
• 1.Woodrow Wilson – USA – 14 points/League of
Nations
• 2.David Lloyd George – GB – Germany should pay
• 3.Georges Clemenceau – FR – strip all weapons;
reparations –pay for war damages
• 4.V. Orlando - Italy
• TREATY OF VERSAILLES 1919
– ARTICLE 231 war guilt clause
– Reduced army to 100,000
– Cut back navy ; eliminate air force
– Lands taken from France returned
– Eastern German lands b/c new Polish state
– Demilitarized zone of Rhine; stripped of all
weapons
• Legacy of WWI:
• Gov’t power over lives of citizens increased
• Freedom of press/speech limited in nation
security
• Barriers b/t : G. & Russia = Poland
•
G. & France = Rhineland
• Ottoman Empire breaks up
• Who were the Big Four?
• How did Germany feel about the Treaty of
Versailles provisions?
• What changed in many nations because of the
Great War?
• When was the armistice of the Great War
signed?
ESSAY
• Explain some causes of WWI and what led to
the U.S. involvement. Also, describe the
eastern and western fronts and what/where
this occurred. Explain what happened to Italy
and Russia as alliance members and how the
war finally came to an end. Include
results/effects of the war and years/dates
each event described occurred.