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Human Biology
Chapter 1
Bell Work 10/12/09
1. How do you think you did on the
benchmark?
2. How did you study for the benchmark
and how long did you study for the
benchmark?
3. List three things that you are going to do
this quarter differently to help improve
your science grade.
1.1 Vocab
Tissue – group of similar cells
that work together to perform a
particular function
Organ – a structure that is made
up of two or more types of
tissue that work together to
carry out a function in the body
Organ system – a group of
organs that together perform a
function that helps the body
meet its needs for energy and
materials
Homeostasis – the ability of your
body to maintain internal
condition
Types of Tissue
Epithelial tissue – covers all the inner and
outer surfaces of the body. Each organ is
covered with this
Nerve tissue – (messaging system) cells in
nerve tissue carry electrical impulses
between your brain and the various parts
of your body in response to changing
conditions
Type of Tissues (cont)
Muscle tissue – movement results when
muscle cells contract, or shorten, and
when they relax.
Connective tissue – holds parts of the body
together, providing support, protection,
strength, padding, and insulation. (ex.
Tendons and ligaments)
Bell Work 10/13/09
1. During the presentations
today what careers involved
science?
2. Which careers were you
interested in and why? (write
at least 3 sentences)
Bell Work 10/14/09
List the four types of tissue in your
body and give an example of
each.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bell Work 10/20/09
List the five levels of
organization in your
body and give an
example of each for a
human.
1.2 Vocab
Skeletal system – the framework of bones that
supports the body, protects internal organs,
and anchors all the body’s movement.
Compact bone – The tough, hard outer layer
of a bone. (basic supportive tissue of the
body)
Spongy bone- strong, lightweight tissue inside
a bone (makes up most of the short and
irregular bones found in your body. Makes up
the ends of long bones)
1.2 Vocab Cont.
Axial skeleton – the central part of
the skeleton, which includes the
cranium, the spinal column, and
the ribs
Appendicular skeleton – the
bones of the skeleton that allow
movement (such as arm and leg
bones)
The skeleton changes as the body
develops and ages
Bones are living tissue and continue to change
throughout your life.
• Infancy – A newborn skull is made up of several bones
that have spaces between them to allow the skull to
grow along with the brain. As the skull grows the
spaces between the bone close.
• Childhood – Bone growth continues to occur at areas
called growth plates. Growth plates are made of
cartilage and the length and shape of bones is
determined by the growth plate.
The skeleton changes as the body
develops and ages
• Adolescence – Toward the end of adolescence
bones stop growing. The growth plate becomes
hard and arms and legs stop growing.
• Adulthood – After bones stop growing they still
go through cycles in which old bone is broken
down and new bone is formed. As people age
more bone is broken down than is formed which
leads to low bone density.
Joints connect parts of the skeletal system
Joint – a place at which two parts of the skeletal
system meet.
• Immovable joint – locks bones together
(bones of your skull)
• Slightly movable joint – able to flex and move
slightly (ribs connected to sternum)
• Freely movable joint – allow your body to
bend and to move. Ligaments hold the bones
together at movable joints.
Movable Joints
• hinge joint – causes an angular movement
(movement of your arm when eating)
• pivot joint – causes movement from side to side
(when turning a doorknob)
• ball-and-socket joint – allows rotational
movement (rotate your arm in a circle)
• gliding movement – one bone slides back and
forth across another (all joints do this) (in the
backbone this is the only movement the joint
produces)
Bell Work 9/20/09
Read Rates of Production on
page 21 and answer
questions 1-3 in the bell
work section of your science
journal.
1.3 Vocab
Muscular system – works with the
skeletal system to allow movement
Skeletal muscle – muscles that are
attached to your skeleton (voluntary
muscle)
Voluntary muscle – movement that
you can choose to make
1.3 Vocab Cont
Smooth muscle – found inside some
organs such as the intestines and the
stomach. (involuntary muscle)
Involuntary muscle – automatic
movement (muscles that work without
you controlling it)
Cardiac muscle – the muscle that makes
up your heart (involuntary muscle)