Download Chronic Diseases Notes PPT

Chronic Diseases
Cardiovascular Disease
 Disease that affects the heart or blood
vessels
 Two types – hypertension and
atherosclerosis
 Behavioral factors – smoking, poor diet, lack
of physical activity, alcohol abuse, obesity,
poor stress management
 Environmental factors – stressful workplace
Hypertension
 High blood pressure.
 It can damage blood vessels and heart over
a long period of time.
 It is called the “silent killer”.
 It is most common in people over the age of
35.
 Prevent it by eating healthy, exercising
regularly, and managing your weight.
Atherosclerosis
 An accumulation of plaque on artery walls.
 Typically caused by unhealthy food choices
high in saturated fats and cholesterol.
 As the plaque builds, it hardens on the walls
of the arteries.
 It can lead to strokes and heart attacks.
Cancer
 Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
 Tumor – abnormal mass of tissue that has
no natural role in the body. They are not
always associated with cancer. There are
two types – benign and malignant.
Skin Cancer
 Also called melanoma.
 Can be detected in physical exam and
removed by a biopsy.
 Behavioral factors – exposure to the sun or
radiation, failure to use
sunscreen/clothing/shade, use of tanning
beds.
 Environmental factors – depletion of ozone
layer, lack of shade, time of day, occupation
Lung Cancer
 Can also be classified as carcinoma
(aggressive).
 Typically no immediate symptoms.
 May have severe cough, wheezing,
coughing up blood, and hoarseness.
 It is detected in a chest x-ray.
 Behavioral factors – smoking, general air
pollution
 Environmental factors – exposure to radon,
asbestos
Osteoporosis
 Condition in which there is a progressive
loss of bone tissue.
 Healthful behaviors during teen years can
reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis
later in life.
 Can be detected by a bone scan.
 Behavioral factors – lack of physical activity,
lack of calcium and vitamin D in diet.
 Environmental factors – none identified
Bronchitis
 An inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection
or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or
air pollution.
 Also causes bronchi to produce excess amounts
of mucus, which block the airways causing
coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
 Treatments include antibiotics and reducing the
exposure.
 Behavioral factors – smoking, choice of
occupation
 Environmental factors – general air pollution,
asbestos in buildings, secondhand smoke
Emphysema
 A disease that progressively destroys the
walls of the alveoli.
 Almost always caused by smoking.
 Some symptoms include breathing difficulty
and chronic cough.
 Behavioral factors – smoking, choice of
occupation
 Environmental factors – general pollution,
asbestos in buildings, secondhand smoke