Download 第4章 噬菌体

Chapter 4 bacteriophage
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Bacteriophages ( phages ) are obligate
intracellular parasites that multiply
inside bacteria by making use of some
or all of the host biosynthetic
machinery . They are viruses that infect
bacteria.
Composition of Bacteriophage
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Nucleic acid: either DNA or RNA but not
both
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ds DNA, ss RNA, ss DNA
unusual or modified bases
encode 3-5 gene products to over 100 gene
products
Protein: function in infection and protect
the nucleic acid
Structure of Bacteriophage
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different sizes and shapes
icosahedral
二十面体
filamentous
Capsid
DNA
Contractile
Sheath
Head
Tail
Tail Fibers
Base Plate
Types of Bacteriophage
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Lytic or Virulent Phages
毒性噬菌体
Lysogenic or Temperate Phage
溶原性噬菌体或温和噬菌体
Lytic or Virulent Phages
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Definition:
Lytic or virulent phages are
phages which can only multiply in
bacteria and kill the cell by lysis at the
end of the life cycle.
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Life Cycle
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Adsorption吸附
Penetration穿入
Biological Synthesis生物合成
Maturation and Release成熟和释放
Adsorption吸附
Penetration穿入
Biological Synthesis生物合成
Maturation and Release成熟和释放
Bacteriophage
binding to and
injecting their
DNA into a
bacterial cell
bacteriophage
after contraction
of sheath
normal
bacteriophage
Assay for Lytic Phage
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Plaque assay噬斑测定
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Lytic phage are enumerated by a plaque
assay. A plaque is a clear area which
results from the lysis of bacteria. Each
plaque arises from a single infectious
phage. The infectious particle that gives
rise to a plaque is called a pfu (plaque
forming unit).
Lysogenic or Temperate Phage
溶原性噬菌体或温和噬菌体
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Lysogenic or temperate phages are those that
can either multiply via the lytic cycle or enter a
quiescent state in the cell. In this quiescent state
most of the phage genes are not transcribed; the
phage genome exists in a repressed state. The
phage DNA in this repressed state is called a
prophage because it is not a phage but it has the
potential to produce phage. In most cases the
phage DNA actually integrates into the host
chromosome and is replicated along with the host
chromosome and passed on to the daughter cells.
The cell harboring a prophage is termed a
lysogenic bacterium.
Lysogenic bacterium
Induction
Animation summarizing the
lysogenic life cycle of a
temperate bacteriophage.
溶原性细菌的溶原性周期和溶菌性周期
lysogenic conversion
溶原性转换
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When a cell becomes lysogenized,
occasionally extra genes carried by the
phage get expressed in the cell. These
genes can change the properties of the
bacterial cell. This process is called
lysogenic conversion.
Application of Bacteriophage
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Used in treatment of bacterial infections
Used for the identification of pathogenic
bacteria (phage typing 噬菌体型分型)
Used in molecular biology