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Glossary Bacteriophages Capsid : : Viruses that infect bacteria. Protein coat of a virus. Carbohydrate : An organic compound composed of carbon, and oxygen, with the hydrogen and oxygen present in 2:1 ratio. Cell wall : The outer bacterial, covering of fungal, algal and plant cells. DNA : deoxyribonucleic acid – a type of nucleic acid occurring in cells containing phosphoric acid , deoxyribose, adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. Ectodesmata : membranous Intercellular connections of plant cells. Gal-genes : Genes which are responsible for galactose fermentation. Genome : A complete set of genetic material i.e. a complete set of genes. Latent infection : A disease carrier which does not Lipopolysaccharide show any symptom : A molecule consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide forming the outer membranes of gram negative cell walls. Lysogenic bacteria : Bacteria that carry prophages. Lysogenic conversion: A phenomenon in which prophage is able to change the properties of a host bacterium Lygsogeny : A state in which phage DNA is incorporated into the host cell without lysis. Lysozyme : An enzyme hydrolyzing capable bacterial of cell walls. Lytic phage : A virulent bacterial virus Prophage : The viral DNA of a temperate phage which incorporated DNA. into becomes the host Reverse transcriptase : An enzyme for the synthesis of a DNA molecule using RNA as a template. RNA : Ribonucleic acid – a nucleic acid present in the cytoplasm and nucleus phosphoric containing acid, ribose, adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil. RNA polymerase : An enzyme that synthesizes m RNA on a DNA template. Replication : Multiplication of a virus in a cell; synthesis of a DNA strand from its complementary strand. Specialized transduction : Transfer of some specific genes from one bacterium to another by a lysogenic bacteriophage. Temperate Phage : A bacteriophage capable of integrating host genome with the Transcription : The synthesis of m RNA from one of the DNA strands. Viropexis : The engulfment of whole virions by cells in phagocytotic process. a