* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cold War and the Post-WWII World
Survey
Document related concepts
Western betrayal wikipedia , lookup
Cuba–Soviet Union relations wikipedia , lookup
Iron Curtain wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of Nazism wikipedia , lookup
Berlin Crisis of 1961 wikipedia , lookup
Origins of the Cold War wikipedia , lookup
Aftermath of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Domino theory wikipedia , lookup
Culture during the Cold War wikipedia , lookup
Eastern Bloc media and propaganda wikipedia , lookup
Containment wikipedia , lookup
1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état wikipedia , lookup
Cold War (1953–1962) wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Cold War and the Post-WWII World Impact after WWII • After WWII, there were two global superpowers: the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. • The two nations had very different ideologies: Capitalism and Communism. • Both groups sought to rebuild Europe according to their ideologies. • The U.S. offered European nations financial support for rebuilding called the Marshall Plan, named after Sec. of State George Marshall. • President Truman also created the Truman Doctrine which stated the U.S. would help out any country fighting against Communists. Division of Europe • The U.S.S.R. did not allow Marshall Plan aid to countries in Eastern Europe. • This effectively split Europe into two parts. • The liberal West included: Britain, France, West Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Ireland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Greece, and Turkey. • The Eastern Bloc included: East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Albania. Containment and China • The U.S. did not want to fight another world war. • Diplomat George Kennan advocated a policy of containment. • This meant not directly attacking the U.S.S.R., but checking any possible expansion. • The Cold War became more complicated in 1949 with the revolution in China that brought Mao Zedong and his Communist to power. • The U.S. became increasingly concerned with the spread of Communism. Hot Conflicts in the Cold War • The Cold War was called “cold” because the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. did not fight directly. • Instead there were a number of “proxy wars” where Communist and Capitalist groups fought. • The Korean War (1950-1953) was fought between the Communist North and Democratic South • The Vietnam War (~1959-1975) was fought between the Communist North and the Democratic South. • The Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1989) was fought between Communist government and the U.S.-backed Muhajideen. Conflicts in Eastern Europe • Under authoritarian Soviet control, many Eastern European countries experienced internal conflicts. • In Berlin, many East Germans were escaping to the West through West Berlin. • In 1961, the Soviets built the Berlin Wall to stop the exodus. • In the 1950s and 1960s, Hungary and Czechoslovakia tried to reform their governments, but Soviet troops crushed the attempts to reform. The Third World • After WWII, the non-Western world underwent huge changes. • Nations throughout Africa and Asia gained independence from imperial European governments. • These newly independent nations felt pressured to choose sides, either the U.S. or the U.S.S.R. • In 1955, these non-aligned nations met in Bandung, Indonesia and declared they could be a “third world” not allied with the U.S. or the U.S.S.R. • While many countries may have desired to be outside of the Cold War, they had difficulty actually doing it. The Third World • In addition to the “proxy wars,” there were internal conflicts throughout the world, especially in Latin America. • In Chile in 1973, the U.S. helped install dictator Augusto Pinochet and ousted Salvador Allende. • In 1979, Sandinista rebels led by Daniel Ortega overthrew the U.S.-backed government of Anastasio Somoza. • From 1980-1992 there was a civil war in El Salvador between the U.S.-supported government and Communist backed rebels. The Fall of the Soviet Union • In 1986, Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union and began making governmental reforms. • Gorbachev’s policies of perestroika (restructing) and glasnost (openness) opened opportunities for private business and made the government more transparent. • In 1989, the Berlin Wall was taken down. • In 1990, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia declared independence from the U.S.S.R. • In 1991,Gorbachev lost control of the republics of the U.S.S.R. and Boris Yeltsin came to power in Russia effectively ending the Soviet Union.