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Transcript
WARM UP • Wednesday, March 20, 2013 • Which process creates a protein (RNA to protein)? Bacteria Notes Objectives 1) Identify the parts of a bacterial cell. 2) Describe real world roles bacteria fill in our environment. REVIEW: 2 Kingdoms 1) Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria) – Largest bacterial kingdom – Cell walls contain peptidoglycan 2) Archaebacteria (Domain Archae) – “ancient” bacteria – Live in extreme environments • ALL bacteria = PROKARYOTIC – Simple – No nucleus or membrane bound organelles Classification: Shapes • Different shapes 1) Bacilli = rod shaped bacteria 2) Cocci = sphere shaped bacteria 3) Spirilla = spiral/corkscrew shaped bacteria Classification: Movement • Types movement: 1) Non-motile = do NOT move 2) Motile = move around a. Flagella = whiplike structure b. Gliding = secrete a slime Classification: Grouping • Types grouping: 1) “Diplo” = group of 2 2) “Staphylo” – grapelike clusters 3) “Strepto” - chains Classification: Cell Wall • Determined by Gram Staining 1) Gram positive = stain purple because have peptidoglycan in cell wall - Thicker cell wall - Less pathogenic - Pathogenic = less likely cause disease) to 2) Gram negative = stain red because lack peptidoglycan in cell wall - Thinner cell wall - Generally more pathogenic Classification: Metabolism • Types: 1) Photoautotrophs = Make own energy - use sunlight & photosynthesis 2) Chemoautotrophs = make own energy - use CO2 to make energy - do NOT require light 3) Photoheterotrophs = Make own food & consume others - use sunlight & photosynthesis - take in organic materials 4) Chemoheterotrophs = Consume others - take in organic materials Classification: Energy Release • Types: 1) Obligate aerobes = require constant supply O2 to live Ex: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis , AKA TB) Classification: Energy Release • Types: 2) Obligate anaerobes = require absence O2 to live Ex: Clostridium botulinum (botulism) 3) Facultative anaerobes = can live w/ or w/o O2, but most live w/o Ex: Escherichia coli (found in gut warm blooded organisms) Classification: Growth & Reproduction • Types: 1) Binary Fission = mitosis single-celled organism Classification: Growth & Reproduction • Types: 2) Conjugation = exchange genetic material from 1 bacterial cell to another Classification: Growth & Reproduction • Types: 3) Endospore Formation = used when growth conditions are unfavorable • Endospores sit dormant • Conditions improve then reproduce Importance of Bacteria • Nitrogen Cycle: Nitrogen fixation – Take N2 gas from atmosphere – Convert to ammonia NH3 • Decomposers Importance of Bacteria • Human uses: – Make food such as yogurt & cheese – Breakdown wastes in water (= bioremediation) – Sprayed on oil spills to help break down hydrocarbons – Live in intestines to help w/ digestion & make vitamins our bodies can’t make. Antibiotic Resistance Article • Read article provided. • The article has been divided into 4 sections. • Write a 9-12 word summary for each of these sections. • Each summary will be worth 1 stamp. WARM UP • Thursday, March 21, 2013 • What is a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule? Objectives 1) Compare and contrast bacteria and viruses 2) Describe how bacteria and viruses have both positive and negative impacts on our lives. Viral Simulation Lab • Follow instructions given by teacher. • Complete class chart. • Answer questions on provided paper. You may use the back side of the sheet if needed. Virus vs Bacteria Table Characteristic 1. Living 2. Non-Living 3. Need host cell 4. Vaccinations for prevention 5. Can be treated w/ antibiotics 6. Made of prokaryotic cells 7. Can cause disease 8. Examples: Small Pox, HIV, Herpes 9. Have nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) 10. Examples: Strep Throat, Cholera, TB Virus Bacteria Both Virus vs Bacteria Table Characteristic Virus 1. Living Bacteria x 2. Non-Living x 3. Need host cell x 4. Vaccinations for prevention x 5. Can be treated w/ antibiotics x 6. Made of prokaryotic cells x 7. Can cause disease 8. Examples: Small Pox, HIV, Herpes x x 9. Have nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) 10. Examples: Strep Throat, Cholera, TB Both x x Virus vs Bacteria Worksheet