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CHEMISTRY UNIT CHEMISTRY UNIT chemistry: the study of matter & the changes that matter undergoes. matter: anything that has mass & takes up space (i.e. has volume) Thursday, July 6, 2017 2 Matter Mixtures Made up of ______________ 2 or more different _________________ types of particles Mechanical Mixtures Heterogeneous (____________) ex. •salad dressing Pure Substances (____________) Homogeneous Made up of ______________ only 1 type of particle Solutions (_______________) Homogeneous Made up of a: ‘thing’ 1. solute: _____________ that dissolves 2. solvent: ______________ liquid it dissolves in ex. ___________________ • salt water • copper sulfate in water Elements Compounds Made up of _____ 1 type ______________ of atom Made up of _____ 2 or ______________ more different atoms • water ex.____________ • salt ex.____________ • oxygen • hydrogen 3 Homogeneous: ________________________ looks the same throughout Heterogeneous: _____________________ different parts are visible CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER 1. Classify the diagrams as either: • pure substances or mixtures • elements or compounds 2. How many of molecules in each box? 3. How many atoms in each box? • pure substance • element • 5 molecules • 10 atoms • mixture • 3 molecules • 6 atoms compounds element • • • • pure substance element no molecules 5 single atoms • • • • pure substance compound 4 molecules 12 atoms Thursday, July 6, 2017 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER • • • • pure substance compound 3 molecules 12 atoms compound elements • mixture • 3 molecules • 7 atoms Thursday, July 6, 2017 • • • • pure substance compound 2 molecules 10 atoms • • • • pure substance element 4 molecules 8 atoms 5 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER • • • • pure substance compound 3 molecules 6 atoms • mixture • 2 molecules • 5 atoms element compound • • • • Thursday, July 6, 2017 mixture compounds 3 molecules 10 atoms • • • • pure substance compound 2 molecules 4 atoms 6 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER • • • • pure substance compound 2 molecules 8 atoms • mixture • 2 molecules & 1 atom compound • 9 atoms elements compound • mixture • 3 molecules • 7 atoms Thursday, July 6, 2017 element (single atom) • pure substance • element • 8 atoms 7 PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES physical properties: properties we can describe with our senses Example: copper 1. state: (solid, liquid, or gas) 2. colour: 3. clarity: transparent/translucent/opaque 4. lustre: (shiny or dull) 5. texture: (smooth or rough) 6. odour: (odourless, pungent, etc) 7. malleability: (can be hammered into sheets) 8. ductility: (can be drawn into a wire) 9. solubility; soluble in water 10. conductivity: can conduct electricity 11. hardness: scale of 1(chalk) to 10 (diamonds) Thursday, July 6, 2017 solid __________ copper (pinkish brown) __________ opaque __________ shiny __________ smooth __________ odourless/metallic __________ malleable __________ ductile __________ insoluble __________ conductive __________ 7 __________ 8 PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES chemical properties: describe how elements & compounds react with one another during chemical changes ex. 1 – capacity to burn ex. 2 – ability to react with water ex. 3 – ability to react with acids ex. 4 – ability to react with oxygen Thursday, July 6, 2017 9 PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL CHANGES 1) physical change: • • • change in which the kind of matter stays the same no new substance is created changes are usually easy to reverse examples: a) changes of state (melting, freezing, condensation, sublimation) b) dissolving c) changes in appearance (grinding/cutting/etc) Thursday, July 6, 2017 10 PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL CHANGES 2) chemical change: • change in which new kinds of matter are produced examples: a) burning wood b) frying an egg c) metals reacting with acid Thursday, July 6, 2017 11 PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL CHANGES Signs of a chemical change: a) new colour b) heat or light is given off c) gas, bubbles are formed d) precipitate is formed (i.e. solid forms from a liquid) e) change is not easy to reverse Thursday, July 6, 2017 12 Physical (P) or Chemical(C) Changes? P C lighting a match ____ C baking a cake ____ P grinding wheat into flour ____ P boiling water ____ C burning leaves ____ ____ P making tea P sawing wood ____ ____ breaking a mirror Thursday, July 6, 2017 P P drying clothes ____ C car engine idling ____ P adding milk to a cup of coffee ____ C fireworks ____ P compacting garbage ____ ____ P adding salt to icy roads C milk curdling ____ ____ ice cream dripping down a cone 13 HOMEWORK Complete the ‘Physical vs. Chemical Properties’ Worksheet Thursday, July 6, 2017 14