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CHEMISTRY UNIT
CHEMISTRY UNIT
chemistry: the study of matter & the changes
that matter undergoes.
matter: anything that has mass & takes up
space (i.e. has volume)
Thursday, July 6, 2017
2
Matter
Mixtures
Made up of ______________
2 or
more different
_________________
types of particles
Mechanical
Mixtures
Heterogeneous
(____________)
ex.
•salad dressing
Pure Substances
(____________)
Homogeneous
Made up of ______________
only 1 type of particle
Solutions
(_______________)
Homogeneous
Made up of a:
‘thing’
1. solute: _____________
that
dissolves
2. solvent:
______________ liquid
it dissolves in
ex. ___________________
• salt water
• copper sulfate
in water
Elements
Compounds
Made up of _____
1 type
______________
of atom
Made up of _____
2 or
______________
more different
atoms
• water
ex.____________
• salt
ex.____________
• oxygen
• hydrogen
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Homogeneous: ________________________
looks the same throughout Heterogeneous: _____________________
different parts are visible
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
1. Classify the diagrams as either:
• pure substances or mixtures
• elements or compounds
2. How many of molecules in each box?
3. How many atoms in each box?
• pure substance
• element
• 5 molecules
• 10 atoms
• mixture
• 3 molecules
• 6 atoms
compounds
element
•
•
•
•
pure substance
element
no molecules
5 single atoms
•
•
•
•
pure substance
compound
4 molecules
12 atoms
Thursday, July 6, 2017
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
•
•
•
•
pure substance
compound
3 molecules
12 atoms
compound
elements
• mixture
• 3 molecules
• 7 atoms
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•
•
•
•
pure substance
compound
2 molecules
10 atoms
•
•
•
•
pure substance
element
4 molecules
8 atoms
5
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
•
•
•
•
pure substance
compound
3 molecules
6 atoms
• mixture
• 2 molecules
• 5 atoms
element
compound
•
•
•
•
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mixture
compounds
3 molecules
10 atoms
•
•
•
•
pure substance
compound
2 molecules
4 atoms
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CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
•
•
•
•
pure substance
compound
2 molecules
8 atoms
• mixture
• 2 molecules &
1 atom
compound • 9 atoms
elements
compound
• mixture
• 3 molecules
• 7 atoms
Thursday, July 6, 2017
element
(single atom)
• pure substance
• element
• 8 atoms
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PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
physical properties: properties we can describe with our senses
Example: copper
1. state: (solid, liquid, or gas)
2. colour:
3. clarity: transparent/translucent/opaque
4. lustre: (shiny or dull)
5. texture: (smooth or rough)
6. odour: (odourless, pungent, etc)
7. malleability: (can be hammered into sheets)
8. ductility: (can be drawn into a wire)
9. solubility; soluble in water
10. conductivity: can conduct electricity
11. hardness: scale of 1(chalk) to 10 (diamonds)
Thursday, July 6, 2017
solid
__________
copper
(pinkish brown)
__________
opaque
__________
shiny
__________
smooth
__________
odourless/metallic
__________
malleable
__________
ductile
__________
insoluble
__________
conductive
__________
7
__________
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PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
chemical properties: describe how elements & compounds react with
one another during chemical changes
ex. 1 – capacity to burn
ex. 2 – ability to react with water
ex. 3 – ability to react with acids
ex. 4 – ability to react with oxygen
Thursday, July 6, 2017
9
PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL CHANGES
1) physical change:
•
•
•
change in which the kind of matter stays the same
no new substance is created
changes are usually easy to reverse
examples:
a) changes of state
(melting, freezing, condensation, sublimation)
b) dissolving
c) changes in appearance
(grinding/cutting/etc)
Thursday, July 6, 2017
10
PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL CHANGES
2) chemical change:
•
change in which new kinds of matter are produced
examples:
a) burning wood
b) frying an egg
c) metals reacting with acid
Thursday, July 6, 2017
11
PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL CHANGES
Signs of a chemical change:
a) new colour
b) heat or light is given off
c) gas, bubbles are formed
d) precipitate is formed
(i.e. solid forms from a liquid)
e) change is not easy to reverse
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Physical (P) or Chemical(C) Changes?
P
C lighting a match
____
C baking a cake
____
P grinding wheat into flour
____
P boiling water
____
C burning leaves
____
____
P making tea
P sawing wood
____
____ breaking a mirror
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P
P drying clothes
____
C car engine idling
____
P adding milk to a cup of coffee
____
C fireworks
____
P compacting garbage
____
____
P adding salt to icy roads
C milk curdling
____
____ ice cream dripping down a cone
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HOMEWORK
Complete the ‘Physical vs. Chemical Properties’ Worksheet
Thursday, July 6, 2017
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