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aggravate annoy; irritate; to make something worse befall (present) befell (past) take place; happen; occur “black traffic” slave trade chaos confusion; disorder comparative adjectives big, bigger, biggest fun, more fun, most fun compensation repayment; settlement; payoff conceive understand; believe; imagine; accept; grasp congregant a member of a congregation consolation comfort; relief; sympathy; support endeavor attempt; pursuit; work exquisite perfect; flawless haggle bicker; argue; bargain; quibble hysteria frenzy; madness; panic; out of control immortality Forever; the ability to live forever; incorrigible unable to be corrected; bad; unrepentant Ineffable (inexpressible) inexpressible; beyond words; divine lecher seducer; one who is sexually promiscuous legible clear; readable; understandable mollified calmed; pacified motto saying; adage; aphorism; slogan mutely quietly; silently omit leave out; discard; cut out; eliminate omniall pessimism gloomy outlook (antonym of optimism) pining desiring; longing; yearning procure acquire; gain; get; secure providence divine direction; God redeemer savior; Jesus retribution payback; revenge; avengement salvation saving; deliverance sensibility awareness; discernment; perceptiveness sermon a long speech that is part of religious service skepticism doubt; disbelief submission giving in; surrender; bowing down; yielding suffer hurt; accept; withstand; endure sympathetic concerned; kind; sensitive; tender; feeling theology the study of religion transcendent extraordinary; perfect; flawless; beyond understanding truce peace; treaty; white flag unimposing simple; humble; not threatening usurer money lender inmates a person who is confined in a prison; jail mate vexation annoyance; irritation; someone who causes annoyance; nuisance whet to make keen or eager; sharpen; stimulate an appetite, interest, or curiosity alliteration a repeated first consonant sound ex: from stem to stern allusion a reference in a work of literature to another; often to mythology or the Bible antagonist the adversary or opponent of the protagonist aphorism a short saying which conveys a general truth as “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely” argument: ethos, logos, pathos three rhetorical devices: ethos—image logos—logic pathos—feeling Dewy Decimal System a means of categorizing books in a library (the way books are arranged in REV’s media center) direct address Jim, will you shut the door when you come in? fiction writing based on the imagination of the writer hyperbole figure of speech involving exaggeration ex: I am so hungry I could eat a cow. independent clause a complete thought that can stand alone ex: When I came home, the garage door was open. dependent clause an complete thought that cannot stand alone ex: When I came home, the garage door was open. irony a contradiction between what is expected and what happens; there are three types: verbal, dramatic, and situational main idea what a essay, paragraph, or other piece of writing is mostly about; the topic metaphor A figure of speech involving a comparison that does not use like or as ex: The dog dragged his stick of a leg. mood the feeling the reader derives from a work of literature nonfiction writing based on real, people, places, and events periodicals newspapers and magazines personal pronouns subject pronouns: I, you, he , she it, we, you, they object pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them personification giving human characteristics to inhuman objects ex: The rain danced on the window. plot sequence exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution point of view first-person, second-person, third-person limited, and third-person omniscient protagonist the leading character, hero, or heroine of a drama or other literary work Puritanism the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects) strictness and austerity in conduct and religion purpose a writer’s purpose determines form and content; some examples of purpose are: to persuade, entertain, inform, describe rhetorical devices or means of persuasion repetition restatement rhetorical question parallelism simile A figure of speech involving a comparison that use like or as ex: I wandered lonely as a cloud. thesis statement a position the writer defends or supports which often appears in the final sentence of the introduction to an essay Transcendentalism A religious and literary movement in America characterized by a belief in the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical: in the U.S., associated with Emerson. Transition (word or phrase) Words or phrases used to connect or lead from one idea to another