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A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, that has one of several rhyme schemes Rhyme scheme – pattern of rhymes in a poem; usually referred to by letters Turn – a shift in focus or thought Conceit – a fanciful and extended poetic comparison of two things that appear to have little in common Complaint – poems conveying laments of unrequited lovers; melancholy poem Metaphor – comparisons of two unlike things Personification – a kind of metaphor in which a nonhuman or nonliving thing or quality is talked about as if it were human or had life Imagery – language that appeals to the senses Parody – the imitation of a work of literature, art, or music for amusement or instruction Pastoral – a type of literature that depicts country life in idyllic, idealized terms Carpe diem – a Latin phrase which means “seize the day” Satire – a kind of writing that ridicules human weakness, vice, or folly in order to bring about social reform Paradox – an apparent contradiction that is somehow true Allusion – a reference to a statement, person, place, event, quotation, or work of art that is known from history, religion, culture, etc. the reader is expected to know Petrarchan sonnet – named after the fourteenthcentury Italian poet Petrarch, who popularized the form Divided into two parts—an octave (8 lines) and a sestet (6 lines) Rhyme scheme: Octave – abbaabba Sestet – cdecde OR cdcdcd The octave usually presents a problem, poses a question, or expresses an idea The sestet resolves, answers, or drives home the idea The turn usually occurs at the beginning of the sestet Spenserian sonnet – widely used by Edmund Spenser Divided into three quatrains (4 lines each) and a couplet (2 lines) Rhyme scheme – abab bcbc cdcd ee Shakespearean sonnet, or English sonnet – widely used by William Shakespeare Divided into three quatrains and a couplet Rhyme scheme – abab cdcd efef gg The quatrains often express related ideas or examples. The couplet sums up the poet’s conclusion or message found in the first three The turn usually occurs at the end of the third quatrain The Great Chain of Being: God -> Nine order of angels -> man -> beasts -> plants -> stones Caritas – love of God and any person or thing as a creature of God; considered unselfish love or charity Cupidtas – love of any person or thing to satisfy one’s selfish desire; love motivated by pride; therefore, false love Pride – sin from which all other sins grow; the sin is making oneself more important than God Mutability – based around the idea that nothing of this earth will last, so people should not put hope in things of the world, but in God Use/Abuse – all that man possesses, including life, is a gift from God; man chooses to use it or abuse it for his own pride Reason vs. Passion – ability to think clearly and make choices based on thoughts; man was created as a reasonable creature, but when passions take over, man behaves irrationally Art as Mirror – one function of a work of art is to reveal something about the world; it can mirror beauty or unattractive aspects Wasting Time – life on earth is short; it is the time after life that matters; life on earth should not be wasted on temporary things Rhetorical Questions – intended to make people think, usually about their own behavior “Whoso List to Hunt” – Sir Thomas Wyatt Traditional gossip says this poem is about Wyatt’s longing for Anne Boleyn. Wyatt realized that King Henry VIII was interested in Anne as well. Wyatt gave up the “hunt” for Anne to whomever else wanted to pursue her. “Whoso List to Hunt” is an adaptation of a Petrarchan sonnet. Sonnet 30; Sonnet 75 - Edmund Spenser Amoretti is a sequence of 89 sonnets. They record a man’s two-year courtship of a woman named Elizabeth Sonnet 30 – the speaker uses an original convention to compare his love for a woman. Sonnet 30 uses a paradox. Sonnet 75 – Spenser uses “eternizing conceit” Sonnet 29, Sonnet 73, Sonnet 116, Sonnet 130 - William Shakespeare