Download The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table
You need to memorize the
following!!!!
The Father of the Periodic Table—
Dimitri Mendeleev

Mendeleev was the first scientist to notice
the relationship between the elements
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Arranged his periodic table by atomic mass
Said properties of unknown elements could be
predicted by the properties of elements around
the missing element
Moseley later discovered that the periodic
nature of the elements was associated with
atomic number, not atomic mass
The Periodic Table
Column = Group or
Family
18 columns on the
Periodic Table
Row = Period
7 rows on the
Periodic Table
What does the information in the
box tell me?
Atomic Number =
# of protons
Atomic Mass =
# of protons
plus neutrons
1
H
1.008
Atomic
Symbol
Metals, Nonmetals, and
Only
Metalliods
Nonmetals are on the
nonmetal on the
metal side
Metals are to the
left of the
stair- step
Semi-metals,
“metalloids,”
touch the
stair-step
right of the stair-step
The Groups of the Periodic Table

Group 1: The Alkali Metals
Most reactive metals on the PT
 Rarely found free in nature
 Charge of 1—1 valence electron
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Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals
Still quite reactive
 Charge of 2—2 valence electrons
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T he Groups of the Periodic Table

Groups 3-12: Transition Metals
Found freely and in compounds in nature
 Charge is usually 2 but can vary—usually 2
valence electrons
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Group 13: Boron Family
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Charge is 3—3 valence electrons
The Groups of the Periodic Table

Group 14: The Carbon Family
Contains elements that can form unusual
bonds (carbon and silicon)
 Charge is +4 or -4—contains 4 valence
electrons
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Group 15: The Nitrogen Family
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Charge is -3—contains 5 valence electrons
The Groups of the Periodic Table
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Group 16: The Oxygen Family
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Group 17: The Halogens
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Also known as the chalcogens
Charge is -2—6 valence electrons
Most reactive nonmetals
charge is -1—7 valence electrons
Group 18: The Noble Gases (The Inert Gases)
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Nonreactive
Charge is 0—2 or 8 valence electrons
Special Rows on the PT
Lanthanides
Actinides
How Are Elements Classified?
 The elements are classified into three groups.
• Most elements are metals, elements that are shiny
and conduct heat and electricity well.
• Nonmetals, all except hydrogen of which are found
on the right side of the periodic table, may be solids,
liquids, or gases at room temperature.
• Between these groupings are semiconductors,
elements that can conduct electricity under
certain conditions.
Chapter 4
How Are Elements Classified?
The periodic table below shows the
distribution of metal, nonmetals, and
semiconductors in the
periodic table.
Chapter 4
Metals
 The alkali metals, found in Group 1
of the periodic table, are very reactive.
 The alkaline-earth metals, which
include calcium, are found in
Group 2 of the periodic table, and
are somewhat less reactive than the
alkali metals.
 The transition metals, such as gold,
iron, and mercury, occupy Groups
3–12 of the periodic table.
Nonmetals
 Carbon is found in three different forms and can form
many compounds.
 Nonmetals and their compounds
are plentiful on Earth.
 Halogens, such as chlorine, are
located in Group 17 of the
periodic table.
 Noble gases, such as neon, make
up Group 18 of the periodic table.
They are unreactive.
Chapter 4
Nonmetals
 Semiconductors are intermediate
conductors of heat and electricity.
Silicon is the most familiar
semiconductor.
• Silicon is an important part of computer
chips, as well as other semiconductor
devices such as transistors, LED display
screens, and solar cells.