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#1 Ancient Greece #2 Higher Level Questions Why? Why did the Delphic Oracle have such an influence on the Greeks? Why did people trust what the oracle said? How did Greek government function with the influence of gods? Why were some of the prophesies so surreal and outlandish? TA Greek Religion Religion in the ancient greek world was present everywhere. Olympian Gods led by Zeus- Athena, Apollo, Poseidon, Hermes, Hera, Aphrodite, Demeter, Ares, Artemis, Hades, Hephaistos, and Dionysos. #1 Zeus God of thunder Poseidon God of the Ocean Athena God of Wisdom TA These Gods were all well respected and if they were disrespected only “The Gods” know what would happen to you. These immortals also helped any mortals who they liked. (The Odyssey) Ex] Apollo- God of music, truth and prophecy, and more. GR The Gods served as a way to describe why things happened. As undeveloped as they were they didn’t have powerful enough technology to know why waves, lightning, or other natural events occurred. This also influenced what they thought of their emotions. #2 In many Polii, or citystates, the people were Polytheistic. But most of the time a Polis respected a single God. (Chose a favorite) (Henotheistic) For example Athens, a very large and established City-State honoured the Goddess of wisdom, Athena. #1 Most of the ancient Greek people didn’t fully worship all of their Gods. It was analyzed that the villages only really focused on one and didn't really care for the others. This is an example of henotheism, the belief in and worship of a single god while accepting the existence of other deities. This was an early form of monotheism, which became popular during the classical period. GR Greek Gods were used in many stories. One of the most famous of these epics was created by Homer. He is described to be one of the best writers for his creation of the novels of “The Iliad” and “The Odyssey”. (No matter how strange). #1 His stories spread throughout Greece and other areas describing of tales of Odysseus and his men throughout “The Odyssey, or the battles between the trojans and the Achaeans in “The Iliad.” Greek Religion #2 The Delphic Oracle The Delphic Oracle was a way for people to gain insight of what was in their future. It was believed that the god Apollo used a Pythia (human priestess) as an extension of himself. For over a thousand years (before and after christ) people from all over the world came to consult the Oracle. GR The Oracle was very influential across Ancient Greece. In the process of making her prophecies she would breathe fumes and either speak the prophesy or allow another priestess to interpret what she was saying. #1 Was the Oracle influenced by something other than Apollo? The priestess that many came to see could have just been a fluke. An act by a temple that was either insane or did it for popularity and luxury. This is thought to be believed because she inhaled fumes that could be related to hallucinogenic gases. The vapors were created out of a stream that ran across a rock bed that included ethylene or even methane. This is only a theory that The Oracle was entranced by a substance higher than their era knew. Delphic Oracle Video TA Some Romans could be labeled as Henotheistic, meaning they believed that a deity could be worshipped, while accepting the existence/possible existence of other deities. Most religious beliefs the Romans had originated in Greece, they too believed in gods and goddesses. Ex.] Diana a Roman goddess was moved to Rome, where she became identified with the Greek goddess Artemis; goddess of chastity, virginity, the hunt, the moon, and natural env. #1 The Fall of Greek Beliefs The Oracle and Gods were all heavily influential, but after the time change into A.D. or common era, people referred to it less. Due to Aristotle and his teachings of questioning everything possible, and the rise of the Christianized Roman Empire. GR Now, are there any questions related to our topic? Sources and Citation 1. 2. Jones, Peter. “Ancient & Modern” Spectator- 287.9043 (Dec. 1, 2001): p24. From Literature Resource Center Accessed: 8/29/15 de Boer, Jelle Zeilinga, John Rigby Hale & Henry A. Spiller, "The Delphic Oracle: A Multidisciplinary Defense of the Gaseous Vent Theory." Clinical Toxicology 40.2 189–196 (2000) 3. Burkert, Walter Greek Religion, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-36280-2 (1985); Orig. in German (1977) 4. Delacroix, Eugène. Lycurgus Consulting the Pythia -1835/1845 Currently at: University of Michigan Museum of Art. commons.wikimedia.org, Wikimedia Foundation. (Accessed August 29 2015) URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Lycurgus_Consulting_the_Pythia__Google_Art_Project.jpg http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/perspectives_in_biology_and_medicine/v057/57. 3.harissis.html http://io9.com/5965349/what-really-caused-the-oracle-at-delphi-to-utter-madprophesies?commerce_insets_disclosure=off&utm_expid=6686609048.Ej9760cOTJCPS_Bq4mjoww.1&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henotheism 5. 6. 7.