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Lecture №3 METHODOLOGY OF SCIENTIFIC WORK For early stage researchers is very important to have an understanding of the methodology of scientific work, because the first step to mastering the skills of scientific work best there is on the methodology. First of all, lack of experience in using methods of scientific knowledge, the application of logical laws and regulations, new products and technologies. So it makes sense to consider these issues in detail. You can not ignore facts just because they are difficult to explain or find their practical application. Track's new in science is not always seen myself researcher. New scientific evidence and even open, meaning that badly opened, can long remain in the reserves of science and not used in practice. When scientific research is important. Concentrating on key issues or key themes, one can not ignore adverse facts which at first glance seem insignificant. However, such facts can obscure a beginning of important discoveries. For the researcher is not enough to set a new fact, it is important to give him an explanation from the standpoint of modern science, to reveal his zahalnopiznavalne, theoretical or practical value. The presentation of scientific facts should be done within the context of the historical process, the history of a particular industry, be multidimensional, including both general and specific features. In determining the philosophical idea - a product of human thought, a form of reflection of reality. The idea is different from other forms of thinking that it not only displays the object of study, but also provides awareness of purpose, perspective and practical knowledge to transform reality. Therefore it is important to historical study not only the object of research, but also the formation and development of knowledge about it. New idea - not just changing ideas about the object of research - a quantum leap of thought beyond the perceived feelings of the data and seemingly proven solutions. New ideas can occur under the influence of paradoxical situations where is small, unexpected result that too at odds with the generally accepted provisions of Science - paradigms. Obtaining new knowledge is as follows: paradigm - a paradox - a new paradigm. Methodology ( methodos - way method and logos - science, knowledge) - the study of rules of thought when creating the theory of science. In the national scientific traditions methodology is regarded as the doctrine of scientific method of knowledge or as a system of scientific principles based on the underlying research and made the choice set of cognitive tools, techniques, methods of research. Often interpreted as a theory of methodology research methods, the creation of concepts, as a system of knowledge about the theory of science or system methods. These features of the concept of "methodology" that determine its function in science, able to draw this conclusion: Methodology - a conceptual presentation of the purpose, content, research methods, which provide you the most objective, accurate, systematic information about the processes and phenomena. Methodological basis of research, as a rule, not an independent section of the thesis or other scholarly work, but from its precise definition depends largely on the goal and objectives of the research. In addition, under the main part of the thesis submitted statement of general techniques and methods of basic research, but it needs to determine the methodological basis of qualifications . Under the methodological basis of research should understand the basic, starting position, which is based scientific research. Methodological foundations of science there are always outside this science abroad and not derived from the same study. Methodology - teaching about the scientific principles, forms and methods of research - a four-layer structure. Now distinguish fundamental, general scientific principles of proper methodology konkretnonaukovi principles underlying the theory of a discipline or scientific field, and system specific methods and techniques used to solve specific research problems. Philosophical or fundamental, the methodology is the highest level of scientific methodology that defines the overall strategy of principles of learning characteristics of phenomena, processes and areas. Development of methodology - one side of cognition in general. First, the methodology was based on the knowledge that dictated the geometry as a science, which contained the regulatory guidelines for the study of the real world. Then the methodology advocated as a set of rules for the study of the universe and moved into the sphere of philosophy. Plato and Aristotle viewed the methodology as a logical universal system, a means of true knowledge . Dialectics as a method of knowledge of nature, society and thought, considered in the unity of logic and theory of knowledge is a fundamental principle of scientific research multifaceted and contradictory reality in all its manifestations. Dialectical approach allows to prove causal relationships, processes of differentiation and integration, constant contradiction between essence and phenomenon, content and form, objectivity in the assessment of reality. Thus, fundamental principles are based on generalized, philosophical positions that reflect the most essential features of objective reality and consciousness of the experience gained in the process of cognitive activity. These include the principles of dialectics that reflect the interwoven and contradictory development phenomena, determinism causal conditionality objective phenomena of isomorphism - the relations of objects that reflect the identity of their construction and others. General scientific methodology used in all or in most sciences, as any scientific discovery has not only substantive but also methodological content, causing a critical review has taken conceptual apparatus, factors, assumptions and approaches to the interpretation of the material being studied. Modern scientific and theoretical thinking seeks to penetrate the essence of phenomena and processes under study. This is possible provided a holistic approach to the object of study, review it in the origin and development, that application of the historical approach to its study. APPRECIATE YOUR ATTENTION!