Download Lecture 3. METHODOLOGY OF SCIENTIFIC WORK

Lecture №3
METHODOLOGY OF SCIENTIFIC
WORK
For early stage researchers is very
important to have an understanding
of the methodology of scientific
work, because the first step to
mastering the skills of scientific
work
best
there
is
on
the
methodology. First of all, lack of
experience in using methods of
scientific knowledge, the application
of logical laws and regulations, new
products and technologies. So it
makes sense to consider these
issues in detail.
You can not ignore facts just
because they are difficult to explain
or find their practical application.
Track's new in science is not always
seen
myself
researcher.
New
scientific evidence and even open,
meaning that badly opened, can long
remain in the reserves of science
and not used in practice.
When
scientific
research
is
important. Concentrating on key
issues or key themes, one can not
ignore adverse facts which at first
glance seem insignificant. However,
such facts can obscure a beginning
of important discoveries.
For the researcher is not enough to
set a new fact, it is important to give
him an explanation from the
standpoint of modern science, to
reveal
his
zahalnopiznavalne,
theoretical or practical value.
The presentation of scientific facts
should be done within the context of
the historical process, the history of
a
particular
industry,
be
multidimensional, including both
general and specific features.
In determining the philosophical
idea - a product of human thought, a
form of reflection of reality. The idea
is different from other forms of
thinking that it not only displays the
object of study, but also provides
awareness of purpose, perspective
and
practical
knowledge
to
transform reality. Therefore it is
important to historical study not
only the object of research, but also
the formation and development of
knowledge about it.
New idea - not just changing ideas about
the object of research - a quantum leap
of thought beyond the perceived feelings
of the data and seemingly proven
solutions. New ideas can occur under the
influence of paradoxical situations where
is small, unexpected result that too at
odds with the generally accepted
provisions of Science - paradigms.
Obtaining new knowledge is as follows:
paradigm - a paradox - a new paradigm.
Methodology ( methodos - way
method and logos - science,
knowledge) - the study of rules of
thought when creating the theory of
science.
In the national scientific traditions
methodology is regarded as the doctrine of
scientific method of knowledge or as a
system of scientific principles based on the
underlying research and made the choice
set of cognitive tools, techniques, methods
of research.
Often interpreted as a theory of
methodology research methods, the
creation of concepts, as a system of
knowledge about the theory of science or
system methods.
These features of the concept of
"methodology" that determine
its function in science, able to
draw this conclusion:
Methodology - a conceptual
presentation of the purpose,
content,
research
methods,
which provide you the most
objective, accurate, systematic
information about the processes
and phenomena.
Methodological basis of research, as
a rule, not an independent section of
the thesis or other scholarly work,
but from its precise definition
depends largely on the goal and
objectives of the research. In
addition, under the main part of the
thesis submitted statement of
general techniques and methods of
basic research, but it needs to
determine the methodological basis
of qualifications .
Under the methodological basis of
research should understand the
basic, starting position, which is
based
scientific
research.
Methodological
foundations
of
science there are always outside this
science abroad and not derived from
the same study.
Methodology - teaching about the
scientific principles, forms and
methods of research - a four-layer
structure.
Now
distinguish
fundamental,
general
scientific
principles of proper methodology
konkretnonaukovi
principles
underlying the theory of a discipline
or scientific field, and system
specific methods and techniques
used to solve specific research
problems.
Philosophical or fundamental, the
methodology is the highest level of
scientific methodology that defines
the overall strategy of principles of
learning
characteristics
of
phenomena, processes and areas.
Development of methodology - one
side of cognition in general. First,
the methodology was based on the
knowledge
that
dictated
the
geometry as a science, which
contained the regulatory guidelines
for the study of the real world. Then
the methodology advocated as a set
of rules for the study of the universe
and moved into the sphere of
philosophy. Plato and Aristotle
viewed the methodology as a logical
universal system, a means of true
knowledge .
Dialectics as a method of knowledge of
nature, society and thought, considered
in the unity of logic and theory of
knowledge is a fundamental principle of
scientific research multifaceted and
contradictory
reality
in
all
its
manifestations.
Dialectical
approach
allows to prove causal relationships,
processes
of
differentiation
and
integration,
constant
contradiction
between essence and phenomenon,
content and form, objectivity in the
assessment of reality.
Thus, fundamental principles are based on
generalized, philosophical positions that
reflect the most essential features of
objective reality and consciousness of the
experience gained in the process of
cognitive activity. These include the
principles of dialectics that reflect the
interwoven and contradictory development
phenomena,
determinism
causal
conditionality objective phenomena of
isomorphism - the relations of objects that
reflect the identity of their construction and
others.
General scientific methodology used
in all or in most sciences, as any
scientific discovery has not only
substantive but also methodological
content, causing a critical review has
taken conceptual apparatus, factors,
assumptions and approaches to the
interpretation of the material being
studied.
Modern scientific and theoretical thinking
seeks to penetrate the essence of
phenomena and processes under study.
This is possible provided a holistic
approach to the object of study, review it
in the origin and development, that
application of the historical approach to
its study.
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