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Blood: Anatomy & Physiology – Ch. 12 Function • • • • Transport (nutrients, O2, waste, hormones) Help maintain stability of interstitial fluid Distributes heat Overall, helps to maintain homeostasis Parts • • • Is a type of connective tissue Formed elements / Hematocrit (HCT): white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets Liquid portion: plasma (mix of H2O, amino acids, proteins, carbs, lipids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, and cellular wastes) Blood in a centrifuge • • • • Separates into 3 parts Top = liquid plasma Middle = “Buffy coat” (WBCs & platelets) Bottom = RBCs Red Blood Cells • • • • • • • RBC or erythrocytes Contain O2-carrying hemoglobin RBC count (RBCC or RCC) males = 4.6 – 6.2 million / mm3; female = 4.2 – 5.4 million / mm3 Produced in the bone marrow Live about 120 days Iron required to produce hemoglobin & normal RBCs Anemia = lack of RBC or hemoglobin White Blood Cells • • • • • • • • WBC or leukocytes Function: protect against infection by phagocytizing bacterial cells or producing antibodies 5 types o o o o o Neutrophils Basophils Eosinophil Monocytes lymphocytes Granulocytes = neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils; develop in red bone marrow, only live about 12 hrs Agranulocytes = monoytes & lymphocytes; develop in lymph system and bone marrow Counts: (WBCC or WCC) 5,000-10,000 / mm3; Above 10,000 / mm3 = leukocytosis; indicates acute infection Below 5,000 / mm3 = leukopenia; accompanies certain disease like measels, mumps or AIDS Platelets • • • • • aka thrombocytes Formed in bone marrow 10 day life span Count 130, 000 – 360, 000 / mm3 Help form blood clots Plasma • • • • • Clear, straw colored 92% H2O Proteins = albumins, globulins & fibronegen Gases = O2, C O2 & N Nutrients = amino acids, simple sugars, nucleotides, lipids (combine w/ protein to form lipoprotein) • • Nonprotein nitrogenous substances = contain N but aren’t proteins; amino acids, urea, uric acid Electrolytes = NA, K, Ca, Mg, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate Hemostasis • • • Stopping of bleeding by blood vessel spasm, platelet plug formation or blood coagulation Thrombus = abnormal blood clot Embolus = blood clot that moves through the vessel Blood Groups • • • • • • • A = only antigen A; antibody anti-B B = only antigen B; antibody anti-A AB = both antigen A & B; neither antibody O = neither antigen A nor B; both anti-A and anti-B antibody Type O = universal donor Type AB = universal recipient Rh group: Rh- blood will react negatively (after initial exposure) to Rh+ blood