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Exercise #2 (part 2) • Based on what you read in Chapter 4, determine if the corridors and exit doors meet the requirements for egress width, according to the IBC. • Use the information determined in the first part of Exercise 1 along with Table 1005.1: Egress Width Per Occupant Served. • Show your calculations for egress widths of doors and corridors. • Be prepared to turn in part 1 and part 2 of Exercise #2 at the beginning of next class. Fire-Resistant Materials & Assemblies Part 1 Chapter 5 Fire Prevention • Construction Type (Chapter 3): assigns hourly fire-resistance rating to almost every structural element, including structural walls & floors • Fire & life safety codes: place restrictions on building materials used inside the building – Interior walls, windows, doors, ductwork, wiring, plumbing pipes, finishes & furniture, etc. • All considered combustible fuel loads. Systems to Promote Fire Safety • Passive Systems – Once in place, nothing else has to occur to be part of the control of a fire: • Fire & smoke barriers & partitions – walls • Horizontal assemblies – Floors, ceilings • Opening protectives – Windows, doors • Through-penetration protectives – Firestops, draftstops, dampers • Finishes & furniture Systems to Promote Fire Safety • Active Systems – Have to be activated in order to work against the fire • Detection systems – Detectors, fire alarms, communication systems • Extinguishing and suppression systems – Fires extinguishers, fires hoses, sprinkler systems • Emergency lighting Systems to Promote Fire Safety • Exiting Systems – Elements of a building that assist and direct occupants to a place of safety • Means of egress – Corridors, exits, stairs, ramps, etc. • Exit communication systems – Signage, audible, visual communication Compartmentalization • Overall concept of passive fire-protection • Separation of areas in a building to control fire and smoke by the use of wall, floor, and ceiling assemblies – Some are required to be fire rated, some will need to be smoke rated, some will be a combo of both • Important to note: Fire resistance ratings DO NOT necessarily resist the spread of smoke Fire Walls (party walls) • Fire walls have a separate foundation from the rest of the building and extends to the roof • Fire walls & side of building connected to it are designed to remain intact even when the other side of the building is demolished in an emergency • Can divide a building that has 2 types of construction – Ex: connecting a medical office building with a hospital that has a different building type • Or to create building divisions within the same construction type – Ex: Factory that has exceeded allowable area – fire walls break up the building into separate buildings • Rating: 2 – 4 hours – Determined by occupancy classification and Table 705.4 • Typically, fire walls are usually planned & built during initial construction – May not be part of an interior project BUT: • If you are punching through a fire wall (to add a door, window, etc) the door/window assemblies must maintain the same fire rating as the fire wall. Fire-Rated Assemblies • Create compartments within a building or space: horizontally & vertically – Fire barriers • Vertical building elements like walls & shaft enclosures – Fire partitions • Vertical building elements like walls & shaft enclosures – Horizontal assemblies • Floor/ceiling or ceiling/roof assemblies that have a fire rating • Fire Barriers: continuous from top of floor assembly to bottom of floor/ceiling assembly – Limited number of openings allowed – Full enclosure • Fire Partitions: less restrictive. Most often used to separate types of spaces – Occupiable space, dwelling unit, sleeping unit, guest room/suite, living area/room, habitable room (see inset in textbook, chapter 2) – Number of openings is not restricted (although are required to be rated) • Horizontal Assembly: same function as fire barriers, but horizontal instead of vertical • Fire Areas: created by fire barriers and/or fire walls and/or horizontal assembly to provide compartmentalizati on = limits the spread of fire – Can divide a building into separate areas, that may allow one area to be sprinklered and one not – Used to separate different occupancies Occupancy Separation • Occupancies that have dissimilar risk factors are required to be separated by fire barriers or horizontal assembly – Required for horizontally adjacent spaces as well as vertically adjacent spaces – Note: when deciding on the rating for a horizontal assembly (floor/ceiling) make sure to check Building Type rating as well – use the strictest one. Other Types of Separation • Tenant Separation – only required within a covered mall – stores/restaurants need to be separated by fire partition. • Dwelling & Sleeping Unit Separation – Fire partitions & Building Type • Incidental Use Areas or Rooms (see Table 508.2) – Machine and storage rooms are required to be enclosed by fire barriers • Vertical Shaft Enclosures – Elevators, dumbwaiters, mechanical chases, & staircases are required to be enclosed by fire barriers. Fire rating is determined by how many floors are penetrated – horizontal assembly is often required at the top and bottom. Rated Means of Egress • Stairs – Compartmentalized = fire barriers that are vertically continuous through each floor & horizontal assemblies with minimal penetrations • Horizontal Exits – Provides an exit away from the fire using fire barriers to provide and exit from one space into another on the same floor • Areas of Refuge – Required as part of an accessible exit. – Required to be separated by a smoke barrier (which provides a fire-rating of 1 hour) • Corridors – Typically exit-access corridors are required to be rated, while corridors within a small tenant space are not • Exit-Access Corridors: lead to an exit – Typically rated 1 hour: refer to Table 1017.1 – IBC: calls for fire partition (doesn’t affect horizontal assemblies) so you must refer to Building Type to get required rating for floor/ceiling • Exit Passageways: corridors used as exits – Typically have a 2 hour rating – IBC & NFPA: both call for fire barriers with horizontal assemblies that match fire-rating Homework • Read Chapter 6, complete part 2 of exercise #2, and complete the following: • Exercise #3: From the floorplan provided to you in class and based on your reading and class lectures, determine the following (re-drawn the floorplan to include): • Occupant Classification & Occupant Load for each space • Occupant load for the entire floor • Travel distance & Path of travel (from each room to exit access, from exit access to exit) • Egress width (doors & corridor) • Which walls are fire-rated? Determine the fire-rating for each and include your reasoning. • Call out: – – – – Exit passageway Access corridor Area(s) of refuge Horizontal exit Due next class – will be collected.