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Change and continuity
How has crime and punishment changed?
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Change and continuity
Objectives
In this activity you will:
Learn how crime and punishment changed over time.
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Change and continuity
How has crime and punishment changed?
In the 18th and 19th centuries,
people were often very
frightened of crime, just as
we are today. However, we
would think of the sentences
in those times as being very
harsh. They were meant to
be a ‘deterrent’ (designed to
prevent further crime).
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Change and continuity
How would you punish crime?
On the following screens are details of some actual
crimes from the 18th and 19th centuries.
You must decide how you would punish the
criminals.
Once you have decided, ‘click’ again to find out
how the criminals were actually punished!
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Change and continuity
How would you punish this crime?
Eliza Chambers (age 39)
In 1790 Eliza was convicted of refusing
to pay tolls on the new turnpike (road
for the use of which a toll had to be
paid), and taking part in a riot that
burned down the tollgate. In the late
18th and early 19th centuries, charging
tolls on animals paid for new roads and
improvements and goods brought
through the gates.
Eliza said, ‘Why should I pay to use a
road I have been along on my way to
the market free of charge for 30 years?’
How was Eliza punished?
Possible punishments
• Imprisoned for 10 years
with hard labour
• Imprisoned and chained
• Hanged
• 7 years’ imprisonment
• 1 day solitary confinement
• 14 days’ hard labour
• Transportation
• 14 days’ solitary confinement
• Sent to the workhouse
• Fined
• Whipped
• Acquitted
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Change and continuity
How would you punish this crime?
George Gadge (age 35)
In 1810, George was convicted of
publishing a pamphlet calling for the
removal of the King and the setting
up of a republic with the French
revolutionary* slogan ‘liberté’,
‘egalite’, ‘fraternite’.
(*The French Revolution was in 1789 and
Britain was at war with France.)
How was George punished?
Possible punishments
• Imprisoned for 10 years
with hard labour
• Imprisoned and chained
• Hanged
• 7 years’ imprisonment
• 1 day solitary confinement
• 14 days’ hard labour
• Transportation
• 14 days’ solitary confinement
• Sent to the workhouse
• Fined
• Whipped
• Acquitted
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Change and continuity
How would you punish this crime?
Benjamin Walker (age 29)
In 1812, Benjamin confessed to the
murder of William Horsfall, owner of
a cotton factory in which machines
were being introduced.
He said, ‘The evil machines are
taking away our jobs. How are we
supposed to support our families?
He shouldn't have done it’.
How was Benjamin punished?
Possible punishments
• Imprisoned for 10 years
with hard labour
• Imprisoned and chained
• Hanged
• 7 years’ imprisonment
• 1 day solitary confinement
• 14 days’ hard labour
• Transportation
• 14 days’ solitary confinement
• Sent to the workhouse
• Fined
• Whipped
• Acquitted
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Change and continuity
How would you punish this crime?
John Field (age 26)
In 1812, John was arrested the day
after Cartwright's mill burned down,
and was accused of taking part in
machine-breaking.
He said, ‘I was forced to be part of
the crowd. I didn't do anything.’
How was John punished?
Possible punishments
• Imprisoned for 10 years
with hard labour
• Imprisoned and chained
• Hanged
• 7 years’ imprisonment
• 1 day solitary confinement
• 14 days’ hard labour
• Transportation
• 14 days’ solitary confinement
• Sent to the workhouse
• Fined
• Whipped
• Acquitted
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Change and continuity
How would you punish this crime?
Margaret Kelly (age 42)
Margaret was arrested in 1825 for
stealing four hen's eggs from a nest
by the side of the road on her way
to work.
She said, ‘Because of the bad
weather, I've only had two days’ work
this week and my children didn't
have anything to eat’.
How was Margaret punished?
Possible punishments
• Imprisoned for 10 years
with hard labour
• Imprisoned and chained
• Hanged
• 7 years’ imprisonment
• 1 day solitary confinement
• 14 days’ hard labour
• Transportation
Because her employer
• 14 days’
solitary
confinement
asked
the court
to be
• Sent to
the workhouse
lenient
with her
• Fined
• Whipped
• Acquitted
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Change and continuity
How would you punish this crime?
Samuel Dublack (age 42)
In 1850, Samuel was arrested in
Bedford market place for using bad
language. He was suspected of
having had too much to drink
How was Samuel punished?
Possible punishments
• Imprisoned for 10 years
with hard labour
• Imprisoned and chained
• Hanged
• 7 years’ imprisonment
• 1 day solitary confinement
• 14 days’ hard labour
• Transportation
• 14 days’ solitary confinement
• Sent to the workhouse
• Fined
• Whipped
• Acquitted
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Change and continuity
How would you punish this crime?
Robert Jordan (age 17)
On 10 May 1863, in the parish of St.
Cuthbert, Bedford, he 'feloniously,
wilfully, and of malice aforethought
killed and murdered Frederick Budd'.
How was Robert punished?
Possible punishments
• Imprisoned for 10 years
with hard labour
• Imprisoned and chained
• Hanged
• 7 years’ imprisonment
• 1 day solitary confinement
• 14 days’ hard labour
• Transportation
• 14 days’ solitary confinement
• Sent to the workhouse
• Fined
• Whipped
• Acquitted
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010
Change and continuity
Change in crime and punishment
Do the crimes you’ve read about seem similar to those of
today, or different? Has crime changed?
Can you see any pattern in the punishments?
Do punishments seem harsh or lenient compared to today?
How would you say punishment has changed over the last
200 years?
From the evidence you have, do you think people at the time
were right to be worried about crime?
© HarperCollins Publishers 2010