Download A Revolutionary France

Revolutionary France
p. 114
Why Revolution?
• The violence of the French Revolution was
accidental
– unwarranted fear of the king’s troops made people
take arms.
• The new government argued about how
much change France should undergo.
– Moderates wanted gradual change and to keep a
limited monarchy.
– Radicals wanted to remove the king, seize Church
and noble lands, and other drastic changes.
A New, Hopeful France
• Slogan of the Revolution:
–“Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite”
• Freedom from the oppressive system
• Equality of all people, rich and poor.
• Brotherhood, all French people will
care for each other
Obstacle to Progress
• Faction:
• a group of people, in the same political party,
who disagree with others in the same party
about how to do things.
• The greatest problem of the revolutionary
government was disagreement among the
revolutionaries on how to affect change.
worksheet: Political Science
Moment: The Political spectrum—
Radical Left
(want
extreme
reforms)
Left: want
reforms
Moderate
Left: want
reforms,
but some
stability
Moderate;
“middle of
the road”:
open to
reforms,
but want
stability
as well.
Liberal (Leftist)
reforms to improve society
French Republicans
(sans-culottes,
Jacobins, and
Girondins)
Moderate
right:
open to
some
reforms
Radical right;
Want no
reforms
Conservative (Rightist)
Protect current social order
French
Moderates:
Reforms and a Limited
Monarchy
US Democrats:
More government/taxes-Individual/business welfare, social
improvement
Right:
want
few
reforms
French
Monarchists
US Republicans:
Less Government/taxes,
Protect business; individual/traditional
values
Political Strains
• Marquis de Lafayette:
• Aristocratic Frenchman
– served under George Washington in the American
Revolution.
• He returned to France supportive of the idea
to change the government.
– A moderate.
• Moderates
– wanted to keep the monarch,with no power
– the country run by a republican legislature
The French Constitution of 1791
reflected Enlightenment ideas:
ideas
• Created an elected
legislature (republic)
• Equality of citizens
• Removed Church control
of government
(separation of church and
state)
• Freedom of Speech
• Tolerance
• General Will
all ideas of what Enlightenment
philosophers? (2 out of 3)
• John Locke
• Jean Jacques
Rousseau.
• Voltaire
Remember?
• Use the following
information to answer the
question below
• Natural Rights
Philosophy:
• Emphasizes
individual rights to life,
liberty, and property.
• What document best
exemplifies the natural
rights philosophy
described on the left?
• A. The Communist
Manifesto
• B. Plato’s Republic
• C. Luther’s Ninety-five
Theses
• D. The Declaration of
Independence
Women
• Olympe de Gouges:
• Woman revolutionary
– criticized the revolutionary men who failed to give
women rights
– Composed the “Declaration of the Rights of
Woman and the Female Citizen”,
• she demanded women’s rights
• the right to vote.
– Arrested by the revolution.
– What happened to her when the radicals took
control of the revolutionary government?
Marie Antoinette:
• Queen of France and sister of the Austrian King.
• Hated by people because:
– Austrian, not French
– Of her expensive lifestyle.
– Rumored to have said the following…..
• Palace person to the Queen: “Your majesty, the peasants
are starving, they haven’t enough money for bread.”
• Queen: “Then, let them eat cake!”
– Insult: Even more expensive than bread…..
• She and Louis XVI were seized by a mob of
women revolutionaries (and men dressed as
women) and taken to Paris.
Émigré:
• French nobles, clergy, and others who fled during the
revolution
– were targets of the rioting mobs
– did not support the revolution.
• The revolutionary government made it illegal to leave
France.
– Many were arrested
• they were taking much wealth with them,
• Émigré stories in foreign countries would frighten the foreign
monarchies.
• It was suspected they would help enemy countries attack
France.
– Many countries decided the French revolution had to be defeated.
Sans-culottes:
• Leftist radical peasants and working people
who took control of revolution.
• They feared invasion by pro-monarchist
armies.
– So-called because poor men wore trousers, not the
stylishly expensive short-legged culotte pants of the
wealthy class.
Jacobins:
• leftist radical group of professionals and
lawyers.
– took control of the revolutionary government
with the sans-culottes in 1792.
– They decided to spread the revolution and
stop their invaders…..
• they declared war on Prussia, Austria,
Britain, and others…
Republic:
• a government run by elected representatives
instead of a monarch.
– It may or may not keep the monarch as a symbolic
leader.
• Sans-culottes and Jacobins demanded one.
Royal Trouble
• The royal family tried to escape to
– Austria.
• Why Austria?
– Marie Antoinette’s brother, the emperor, would
protect them there.
– They were caught and put under house arrest by an
increasingly fearful revolutionary government.
Remember?
• What is a government called which has a
king or queen controlled by constitutional
law?
• Limited monarch
End hwk
• Begin notes
Standards Check, p. 115:
• Question:
• Famine and fear of government assault
p. 115, Identify Central Issues
• Question
• The Declaration of Independence and
other American writings on liberty and
equality inspired people like Lafayette to
rebel.
Remember?
• When members of the Third Estate took
the Tennis Court Oath (1789) at the
start of the French Revolution, they
were attempting to
• a. establish a military government
• b. draft a new national constitution
• c. restore the king to power
• d. persuade Napoleon to take power.
p. 116, Image, Playing Dress Up
• Question:
• Although she was compassionate to the poor,
she lived extravagantly and was against reforms.
• why might her “living poor” hobby insult most
French people?
• Her “living poor” hobby insulted many, because
she still had plenty of money and never suffered
like the poor.
p. 117, analyzing visuals
• Question
• Because it was the capital and chief city of
France
Standards Check: p. 117:
• Question
• The nobles in the National Assembly voted
to give up their privileges.
Image, p. 118, Analyzing
Political Cartoons
• EC: who are the four people running from the revolutionary chaos?
– The influential European rulers and the Pope; all controlled most of
the power/wealth in Europe
• 1
– They didn’t want to lose their privileges and power
– Feared the influence of the Third Estate’s actions.
• 2
– As giant French rats (suggesting there are so many people who are
revolutionaries, but the powerful people did not think much of them.
– Their tails form a guillotine.
– EC: Is it pro or anti revolution?
– pro: The little people are now large, aggressively taking their rights from
the panic-stricken super-wealthy.
Standards Check, p. 118
•
•
•
•
Question:
Limited monarchy
Created a Legislative Assembly
Replaced old provinces with 83
“departments”
• Abolished provincial courts
• Reformed laws
Standards Check, p. 119
• Question:
• Supporters of the Enlightenment in Europe
were pleased with it.
• European nobles and monarchs
denounced it.
Remember?
• The Principles of the American Revolution
and the French Revolution are similar in
many ways. Which of the following best
summarizes their similarities?
• a. both favored representative government
• b. both limited voting rights to an economic elite
• c. both retained certain hereditary rights for
aristocrats
• d. both supported equal rights for women.
p. 120, Thinking Critically
• 1.
• Article 6 states that all citizens are equal under
the law and have the right to participate in
government.
• This marked a significant change for most
French citizens, who were not previously treated
equally under the law
• 2.
• Both stated that all men are created equal
Invasion and War
• Prussia and Austria allied to fight the
French Revolutionaries.
– What young Frenchman proved himself ably
on the battlefield defending revolutionary
France from these invasions?
– Napoleon Bonaparte
• He rose rapidly through the ranks
• He gained massive public admiration.
Brief Response
• What caused the radical revolutionaries to
take control of the revolution and create a
more violent government?