Download TW ANPS 020 01-14

TW ANPS 020 Fiekers 01-14-13
HUM ANAT AND PHYS
Page 1
Blackboard
We will use Mastering A&P
In BB, you will find the course ID.
If you had ANPS 019 last semester, you don't need a new code.
If you have registering classes information, contact me. Otherwise, contact Dr. Black.
She will be your contact person for the class.
You will have five professors this semester.
They will cover various topics in the course.
We are using the same textbook as last semester.
You will use it more this semester.
We have a new course manual with the presentation Power Points slides.
Each presentation will be uploaded to BB.
Make sure that you check BB for announcements, the syllabus, course schedule, etc.
Each announcement is sent by email, as well. Make sure that you check your UVM
email. That is your responsibility.
Exams
The first three exams are on Mondays.
Exam 1
Exam 2
Exam 3
Final TBD
Feb 4
March 18
April 8
Each exam will correspond to each colored block in BB.
They are not cumulative.
The exams are usually one week after we finish a block.
The four exams are mandatory!
If you need to reschedule an exam, see Ellen Black immediately.
You cannot reschedule the day before the exam.
You must let her know ASAP.
There are about 400 students in this course.
It is difficult to schedule the finals due to the class size.
We will announce final information on BB.
TW ANPS 020 Fiekers 01-14-13
HUM ANAT AND PHYS
Page 2
Attendance in the course is not mandatory, but it is highly recommended.
Grading
80% of your final grade comes from the four exams.
Each exam is worth 20%.
20% of your final grade is from the lab.
You must do the laboratory assignments and exams.
All of the lecturers will be happy to help you.
It is very important that you have your questions answered for the course.
Ask any questions.
Supplemental Instructor
Jillian Arnie Leikauskas
She is great. She will be here on Wednesday to introduce herself and get feedback for
the best meeting times.
ELLEN BLACK, PH. D.
INTRODUCTION TO ANPS AND THE CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
Given Courtyard North 206
656-9397
[email protected]
We will review a little today. For those of you who have had 019, you have seen all of this.
We will talk about blood vessels by the end of the week.
You will need to know the vocabulary to understand the course.
Cells have unique functions.
An organ's function is determined by the properties of the cells within it.
Cells are usually grouped with similar cells into tissues
Organs are generally built with tissue layers.
TW ANPS 020 Fiekers 01-14-13
HUM ANAT AND PHYS
Page 3
FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES
1.
2.
3.
4.
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Chapter 4 is a review of the cells and tissue type arrangement in the body.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Grouped into glands – cells packed together
They make stuff
Two glands
EXOCRINE GLANDS – Glands that secrete stuff into passage ways
ENDOCRINE GLANDS – Produces a material put into extracellular space where it is
packed up by the blood stream and carried away
All cells in the body have access to it, but they may not respond to it.
There are no glands associated with the cardiovascular system.
Sheets of cells – EPITHELIA
Individual epithelial cells when packed into sheets are in different shapes
Cuboidal, columnar, squamous
Single layer – EPITHELIUM
Double layer
40 cells thick
Any layer more than one layer is stratified epithelia
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Biggest class of cells
General connective tissue proper
Cartilage and bone - structural connective tissues
There are some organs that have those tissues in them
TW ANPS 020 Fiekers 01-14-13
HUM ANAT AND PHYS
Page 4
BLOOD
Fibroblasts that make fibers and the filler in-between
Most important
Loose – aeolar - cells and loose collagen fibers and fluid in-between
Densely packed - irregular - make tons of connective tissue fibers, mostly collagen
MUSCLE TISSUE – SKELETAL: Smooth or cardiac
Skeletal muscle at the beginning and end of the GI tract.
Mostly, we will see smooth muscle which is in most of the organs of the body.
Tiny cells that are packed into a network of smooth muscle.
After we finish cardiac muscle, we will not mention it, again.
NERVOUS TISSUE
On the slide, each red band is a single skeletal muscle cell.
The neuron releases chemicals onto the cells and tells them to contract.
We will tell you about an organ.
We may not mention where the nervous tissue is because it is within the layers of the
cells.
Organs are built in layers
This is a cross-section of an esophagus (round with blue, purple, and grey)
There are different stains or dyes to show the organization and layers.
In the white spaces, the food will go through there.
White spaces are holes.
They are white because there is nothing there to hold the dye.
The darker purple lines are spaces of epithelium.
It is between 10 – 20 cells thick which means that it is stratified.
These types of cells are subject to wear and tear.
They are stratified squamous epithelium.
The grey is the connective tissues.
They are attached to the muscular layer which is smooth muscle and organized.
TW ANPS 020 Fiekers 01-14-13
HUM ANAT AND PHYS
Page 5
Outside, there is a layer of grey, connective tissue, again.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM OR ANS
The ANS is responsible for controlling the nervous system which controls your organs for you.
The ANS is controlled by the CNS.
The ANS is an outgoing or EFFERENT system to the organs.
The brain needs feedback to assist in keeping track of what the organs are doing at any point in
time.
This semester, we will talk about VISCERA which means organs.
The viscera collects sensory information and sends that information to the CNS
TWO PARTS OF THE ANS


Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
The ANS involuntary targets cells.
Every organ has smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells or gland cells.
PARASYMPATHETIC
The Craniosacral system
CRANIUM is the vault that holds the brain.
The craniosacral system goes from the brainstem to the spinal cord.
The rest and digest system.
Storage of energy reserves
Slowing of the heart rate
Emptying the bladder and bowels – housekeeping function
Narrowing pupils and airways – protection function
TW ANPS 020 Fiekers 01-14-13
HUM ANAT AND PHYS
Page 6
ANATOMY OF THE ANS: THE PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
You need two neurons to get to the cells where you want something done.
Neuron 1 – solid line
It comes out of the cranium
Neuron 2 – dotted line
Comes out of the spinal cord
Cranial Nerve 10: Vagus Nerve
The nerve talks to almost everything.
It is the workhorse for the parasympathetic system.
The parasympathetic nervous system does not go to the limbs.
The system works on the organs.
THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
Thoracolumbar system
Releases energy reserves
Speeds up heart rate
Increases blood pressure, shunting flow to organs until escape
Increases air to lungs
Dilates pupils to aid in escape
Originates in the spinal cord and goes into the sympathetic chain
The sympathetic system goes everywhere: organs, limbs, and skin
On the slide, it appears as though one side speaks to the organs while the other side
communicates with the skin.
That is only for illustration!
Most organs have dual innervation
The organs are controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic which means
DUAL INNERVATION
CHEMISTRY OF THE ANS
The Red is the Sympathetic Nervous System while the Blue is the Parasympathetic Nervous
System
TW ANPS 020 Fiekers 01-14-13
HUM ANAT AND PHYS
Page 7
In the sympathetic,
Neuron 1
Neuron 2
emits Acetylcholine onto Neuron 2
produces a nicotine-type receptor
If you smoke, the nicotine from the cigarettes can turn on neurons without the brain wanting
them turned on.
Then, norepinephrine is released which is close to epinephrine.
It will bind with target cells to turn them on.
Epinephrine is the first line emergency drug.
It will turn on any cell in the SNS.
In the parasympathetic,
Neuron 1
Neuron 2
emits Acetylcholine onto Neuron 2
produces a muscarinic choline receptor