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8th Grade – World History & Cultures
Ms. Sweeney
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Section 10-1 The Rise of Islam (pages 304-309)
Bedouins = desert dwelling Arab
nomadic herders
mosque = Muslim house of worship
Muhammad = a prophet who founded
the religion of Islam
Mecca = city in western Saudi
Arabia; birthplace of the prophet
Muhammad and most holy city for
Islamic people
Medina = city in western Saudi
Arabia;
Where Muhammad lived
Kaaba = a place built by Abraham to
worship the one true God; in Mecca
Qur’an = holy book of Islam
1.
hajj = one of the Five Pillars of
Islam, the pilgrimage to Mecca that
all Muslims are expected to make at
least once in their lifetime
jihad = in Islam, an effort or
striving in God’s service; the
struggle for God and against evil.
It may be carried out by the heart,
the tongue, the pen, the hand, or
the sword. Usually a personal duty,
focusing on overcoming immorality
within oneself. It may also be
interpreted as a holy war to defend
the Muslim community.
Sharia = a body of law that
includes interpretation of the
Quran
How did Muhammad become the prophet of Islam?
He had a vision of an angel who called him to be a messenger of God and
to urge people to worship the one true god.
2.
Why were merchants in Mecca at first opposed to Muhammad’s teachings?
He preached belief in one god, so he rejected traditional Arab gods.
This angered the merchants because they feared that neglect of their
idols would disrupt the pilgrim trade. They would suffer an economic
loss as they would not make the profit they had from pilgrims coming to
Mecca to worship the many gods.
3.
Why do Muslims consider Mecca sacred?
It is the home of the Kaaba, which is Islam’s most holy place. It is
believed that Abraham built the Kaaba to worship the one true god.
Muhammad destroyed the idols in the Kaaba and rededicated it to Allah.
4. How do Muslims view Abraham and Jesus? Who is Muhammad in comparison to
Abraham and Jesus?
They view Abraham and Jesus as prophets of Islam, who were sent by God
to lead them and teach them. They believe Muhammad is the final prophet
and God’s messenger to humankind. He devoted his life to spreading
Islam. He is considered the founder of Islam.
5.
What are the Five Pillars of Islam – the duties required of Muslims?
The Five Pillars are:
 Making the declaration of faith
 Prayer five time daily
 Charity
 Fasting during Ramadan
 The hajj – the journey to Mecca
Another duty is jihad, or struggle in God’s service. It is usually a
personal duty for Muslims, who focus on overcoming immorality within
themselves.
6.
How does the Sharia guide Muslims?
The Sharia applies the teachings of the Quran to daily life and
regulates Muslim society. It is a body of law that includes
interpretation of the Quran, examples of behavior from Muhammad’s life,
and Muslim traditions. It regulates moral conduct, family life,
business practices, government, and other aspects of individual and
community life.
7.
How did Islam affect Muslim women?
Islam affirmed the spiritual equality of all Muslims. It prohibited
killing daughters, granted women an inheritance (although women
inherited less than men), and allowed women to reject a marriage offer
(but they had a more difficult time getting a divorce). It gave women
some legal rights, encouraged education for girls, and required women
to dress modestly.