Download Bloodborne Pathogens OSHA Standard

OSHA STANDARD 29 CFR 1910.1030
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
OSHA’ Standard Components
 Administrative Controls
 Engineering Controls
 Work Practices
 Personal Protection
 Training
Specifics of Bloodborne Pathogens
Program
 Written Exposure Control
 Engineering/Work Practice Control Plan
 Use of Universal Precautions
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Free Hepatitis B Vaccination
 Annual training
 Labeling
 Follow-up After Exposure
Universal Precautions
 The concept of Universal Precautions, all
human blood and certain human body fluid
are treated as if known to be infected with
HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens
Bloodborne Pathogen Transmission
 Bloodborne pathogens are transmitted through
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contact with infected human blood and other
body fluids such as:
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Saliva
Cerebrospinal fluid
Synovial Fluid
Amniotic Fluid
Occupational Exposure
 An occupational exposure is define as
an
exposure
to broken skin, eyes, mucus
membrane or a percutaneous (needle stick)
injury with blood or other potentially
infectious material that may occur in the
performance of an employees’ duty.
Skin Provides a Barrier
 Unbroken skin forms an impervious barrier
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against bloodborne pathogens. However,
infected blood can enter your system through:
Open sores
Cuts
Abrasions
Acne
Broken skin such as blister, sunburn or
cuticles
Mucous membranes
 Bloodborne Pathogens may enter through the
mucous membranes of the:
 Eyes
 Nose
 Mouth
What are Bloodborne Pathogens
 Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganism such as
viruses or bacteria that are carried in the blood
and cause disease in people
Types of Bloodborne Pathogens
 Bloodborne Pathogens are:
 Hepatitis B (HBV)
 Hepatitis C (HCV)
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Hepatitis B (HBV)
 It is the most common bloodborne pathogen
 Is a virus that causes infection and
inflammation of the liver
 Is transmitted primarily through “blood to
blood” contact
 Can lead to serious conditions such as
cirrhosis & liver cancer
 Can survive in dried blood up to seven days
No cure for HBV
 There is no “cure” or specific treatment for
HBV
HBV Symptoms
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Mild flu-like symptoms
Fatigue
Stomach pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Jaundice
Darkened urine
About 30% of infected people demonstrate no
symptoms
Healthcare Personnel Post Exposure
Symptoms
HCP on HIV
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
33
28.6
24.1
11.3
9.7
9.2
7.3
6.3
HCP on HIV
Hepatitis B Vaccinations
 Employees
who have reasonably
anticipated expose to bloodborne
pathogens shall be offered the HBV
vaccination at no cost to themselves
unless:
 They have previously received the vaccine
series
 Antibody testing has revealed they are
immune
 The vaccine contraindicated for MEDICAL
reasons (vaccine should not be used in the
case in question)
Declination Statement I understand that due to my occupational exposure to
blood or other potentially infectious materials I may be
at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. I
have been given the opportunity to be vaccinated with
hepatitis B vaccine, at no charge to me; however, I
decline hepatitis B vaccination at this time.
I
understand that by declining this vaccine I continue to
be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B, a serious disease. If,
in the future I continue to have occupational exposure
to blood or other potentially infectious materials and I
want to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, I can
receive the vaccination series at no charge to me.
Employee Signature: _____________________Date:____________________
HBV Vaccination Process
 Series of three shots
 Second shot is given one month after the first
 Third shot follows five months after the second
 It is very important to receive all three of the
vaccines
 This series gradually builds up the body’s
immunity to the Hepatitis B virus
 Complete immunity not reached until all three
vaccines are received
HBV Vaccination
 After
the 1991 Bloodborne Pathogens
Standard required that the vaccine be offered,
cases of Hepatitis B in health care workers
dropped from 17,000 to 400 annually and
continue to drop.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
 AIDS
or acquired immune deficiency
syndrome, is caused by a virus called the
human immunodeficiency virus or the HIV.
 It may be many years before AIDS actually
develops.
HIV
 HIV attacks the body’s immune
system, weakening it so that it
cannot fight other deadly
diseases.
 AIDS is a fatal disease and
while treatment for it is
improving, there is no known
cure.
HIV Symptoms
Weakness
Fever
Sore throat
Nausea
Headaches
Diarrhea
White coating on
tongue
Weight loss
Swollen lymph
 Symptoms of HIV may vary
but often
HIV and Direct Contact
Although HIV is very fragile
and will not survive very long
outside the human body it is a
primary concern to health care
employees
 As of June 2001, there were
at least 57 CDC- documented
cases of health care
employees with occupational
acquired HIV and at least 137
cases of possible
transmissions
Occupationally Acquired HIV/AIDS
 57 total cases
United States
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1
2
6
Percutaneous
Unknown
Both
Mucutaneous
48
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documented by the
CDC
Needle sticks or
cuts(48)
Exposures to nose,
eyes or blood to
mouth (6)
Splash to the face (2)
Exposure in HIV
research lab (1)
Hand Washing
 Handwashing is one of the most important and
easiest practices used to prevent transmission of
bloodborne pathogens.
 Wash hands or other exposed skin thoroughly as
soon as possible following an exposure incident
Hand Washing
 Wash hands before: eating, drinking, smoking,
handling contact lenses, applying lip balm or
cosmetics
 Keep hands away from eyes, nose and mouth
 Use anti-bacterial soap
 Don’t use harsh or abrasive soap
Alcohol Base Products
Hand sanitizers are ideal when
there’s no soap and water
Rub hands together , covering all
surfaces, until they are dry.
Personal Protective Equipment
 To protect yourself, it is essential to have a barrier
between you and the potentially infectious
material
 The best protection against exposure is to ensure
you are wearing the appropriate personal
protective equipment (PPE)
Goggles, face Shields & lab Coats
 Use goggles if there’s a risk of splashing or
vaporization of contaminated fluids
 Face shields provide additional protection for
the nose and mouth
Goggles, face Shields and Lab Coats
 Use goggles if there’s a risk of
splashing
or
vaporization
contaminated fluids
 Face
of
shields provide additional
protection for the nose and mouth
 Lab coats should be worn when
working with blood
Gloves
 Gloves should be of latex, nitrile or rubber
 Inspect gloves before using
 Double gloving can provide an additional
layer of protection
Reducing the Risk of Infection
Double Gloving
 Multiple studies indicate wearing two pairs of
gloves provide a “wiping” effect
 Gloves wipe the blood contamination off the
outside of the needle
 Reduces the amount of contamination during
needle stick or cut
Gloves
 If you have cuts or sores on your hands, on
you should cover these with a bandage or
similar protection as an additional precaution
before donning your gloves
 Don’t touch the outside of used gloves
Administrative Control
 Treat all blood or potentially infectious body
fluids as if contaminated
 Always wear personal protective equipment in
exposure situations
 Replace PPE that is torn or punctured
Administrative Control
 Remove PPE before leaving the work area
 Properly disinfect or dispose of used PPE
 Wash hands immediately after removing PPE
Hygiene Rules
 If you are working in area where there is
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reasonable likelihood of exposure, you should
never:
Eat
Drink
Smoke
Apply cosmetics
Handle lenses
Food Rules
 Do not store food or drink, refrigerators,
freezers, shelves, cabinets where blood or
potentially infectious material are present
 Do not keep food on countertops where blood
or potentially infectious material are present
Needles & Syringe (Sharps) Safety
 The Center for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) estimates that each year 385,000
needlestick and other sharps related injuries are
sustained by hospital-based healthcare personnel.
 Data from National Surveillance System for Health
Care Workers (NASH) that nurses sustain the
highest number of percutaneous injuries.
Occupational Groups of Health Care Personnel
Exposed to Blood/Body Fluids
Net =16,922
11
4
Housekeeping &
Maintenance
Technician
5
15
Physician
Nurses
Students
Dental
25
44
Clerical/Admin
Other
Routes of BBP Exposures
Bloodborne Exposure
1 3.2
14
Bite
Non-Intact Skin
Mucous Membrane
Needlesticks
82
Needle and Syringe Safety
 Injuries most often occur after use and
before disposal of a sharp device
 Never recap needle or syringe
 The majority of occupational exposure
infections have resulted from injuries from
hollow-bore , blood-filled devices
Safety Devices
 The
BBP standard has a requirement to
implement the use of engineering controls which
includes safer medical devices
 The standards defines Engineering Control as “
controls that isolate or remove the bloodborne
pathogens hazards from the workplace) i.e.
sharps containers, safer devices, such as sharps
with engineered sharps injury protection and
needleless systems)
Implementing Safety Devices
Blood Transfer Device
Shielded Disposable Scalpel
Push Button Butterfly Needle
Shielded Phlebotomy Needle
Plastic capillary Tubes
Signs and Labels
 Warning labels must be placed on containers of
regulated waste, equipment such as refrigerators,
freezers containing blood or other potentially
infectious material and any other containers used to
store, transport, or ship blood or other potentially
material.
Emergencies
 In an emergencies situation, always use
Universal Precautions
 Minimize exposure by wearing:
 Gloves
 Splash goggles
 Other barrier devices
If you are exposed or have a needle
stick
 Wash the exposed area thoroughly with soap
and running water
 Use non-abrasive antibacterial soap
 Flush mouth, nose and eyes for15 minutes if
blood is splashed in mucous membranes
Additional Actions if Exposed
 Report it to your supervisor
 Call 8-8443 during work hours for instructions or
report/call to US Healthworks (910)323-3184 after
hours
 Call OSHA Services Coordinator 8-0185
Decontamination and Sterilization
 All surfaces, tools, equipment and other objects
that come in contact with blood or potentially
infectious material must be decontaminated and
sterilized as soon as possible.
 Equipment and
tools must be cleaned and
decontaminated before servicing or being put
back in service/use.
Decontamination of Surfaces
 A solution of
hypochlorite (household bleach)
1:10 with water (1 part bleach, 9 parts water)
should be used to decontaminate biological spills.
Contaminated Clothing
 Remove clothing that is contaminated with
blood as soon as possible
 Use universal precautions when handling
contaminated laundry
 Place clothing in approved and labeled bags or
containers
Spill Cleanup
 Carefully cover the spill with paper
towels or rags.
 Gently pour 10% solution of bleach over
the towels or rags . Let sit for 10 minutes.
 Collect and dispose of waste
Broken Glass
 Don’t pickup broken glassware with your
hands
 All contaminated broken glass should be
removed with mechanical device and
discarded directly into puncture –resistant
biohazard sharps container
Infectious Waste
 All sharps (needles, syringes, scalpels) must
be disposed of in a sharp container. NEVER
PUT a sharp in the normal trash.
Infectious Waste
 All contaminated waste must be placed in a
medical waste receptacle
Summary
 Always treat blood and
 Report all suspected
body fluids as if
infectious- using
universal precautions
 Select the proper PPE
to reduce the potential
for exposure to BBP
exposures
 Don’t handle sharps or
broken glass with your
hands
 Properly disposed of
infectious waste, PPE
and sharps
To take a short quiz, please click on the link below:
https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/BPQuiz2012