Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Leptospirosis wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Marburg virus disease wikipedia , lookup
Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS wikipedia , lookup
Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS wikipedia , lookup
Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases wikipedia , lookup
Sexually transmitted infection wikipedia , lookup
OSHA STANDARD 29 CFR 1910.1030 BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS OSHA’ Standard Components Administrative Controls Engineering Controls Work Practices Personal Protection Training Specifics of Bloodborne Pathogens Program Written Exposure Control Engineering/Work Practice Control Plan Use of Universal Precautions Personal Protective Equipment Free Hepatitis B Vaccination Annual training Labeling Follow-up After Exposure Universal Precautions The concept of Universal Precautions, all human blood and certain human body fluid are treated as if known to be infected with HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens Bloodborne Pathogen Transmission Bloodborne pathogens are transmitted through contact with infected human blood and other body fluids such as: Semen Vaginal secretions Saliva Cerebrospinal fluid Synovial Fluid Amniotic Fluid Occupational Exposure An occupational exposure is define as an exposure to broken skin, eyes, mucus membrane or a percutaneous (needle stick) injury with blood or other potentially infectious material that may occur in the performance of an employees’ duty. Skin Provides a Barrier Unbroken skin forms an impervious barrier against bloodborne pathogens. However, infected blood can enter your system through: Open sores Cuts Abrasions Acne Broken skin such as blister, sunburn or cuticles Mucous membranes Bloodborne Pathogens may enter through the mucous membranes of the: Eyes Nose Mouth What are Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganism such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in the blood and cause disease in people Types of Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne Pathogens are: Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis C (HCV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hepatitis B (HBV) It is the most common bloodborne pathogen Is a virus that causes infection and inflammation of the liver Is transmitted primarily through “blood to blood” contact Can lead to serious conditions such as cirrhosis & liver cancer Can survive in dried blood up to seven days No cure for HBV There is no “cure” or specific treatment for HBV HBV Symptoms Mild flu-like symptoms Fatigue Stomach pain Loss of appetite Nausea Jaundice Darkened urine About 30% of infected people demonstrate no symptoms Healthcare Personnel Post Exposure Symptoms HCP on HIV 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 33 28.6 24.1 11.3 9.7 9.2 7.3 6.3 HCP on HIV Hepatitis B Vaccinations Employees who have reasonably anticipated expose to bloodborne pathogens shall be offered the HBV vaccination at no cost to themselves unless: They have previously received the vaccine series Antibody testing has revealed they are immune The vaccine contraindicated for MEDICAL reasons (vaccine should not be used in the case in question) Declination Statement I understand that due to my occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials I may be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. I have been given the opportunity to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, at no charge to me; however, I decline hepatitis B vaccination at this time. I understand that by declining this vaccine I continue to be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B, a serious disease. If, in the future I continue to have occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials and I want to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, I can receive the vaccination series at no charge to me. Employee Signature: _____________________Date:____________________ HBV Vaccination Process Series of three shots Second shot is given one month after the first Third shot follows five months after the second It is very important to receive all three of the vaccines This series gradually builds up the body’s immunity to the Hepatitis B virus Complete immunity not reached until all three vaccines are received HBV Vaccination After the 1991 Bloodborne Pathogens Standard required that the vaccine be offered, cases of Hepatitis B in health care workers dropped from 17,000 to 400 annually and continue to drop. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) AIDS or acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is caused by a virus called the human immunodeficiency virus or the HIV. It may be many years before AIDS actually develops. HIV HIV attacks the body’s immune system, weakening it so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases. AIDS is a fatal disease and while treatment for it is improving, there is no known cure. HIV Symptoms Weakness Fever Sore throat Nausea Headaches Diarrhea White coating on tongue Weight loss Swollen lymph Symptoms of HIV may vary but often HIV and Direct Contact Although HIV is very fragile and will not survive very long outside the human body it is a primary concern to health care employees As of June 2001, there were at least 57 CDC- documented cases of health care employees with occupational acquired HIV and at least 137 cases of possible transmissions Occupationally Acquired HIV/AIDS 57 total cases United States 1 2 6 Percutaneous Unknown Both Mucutaneous 48 documented by the CDC Needle sticks or cuts(48) Exposures to nose, eyes or blood to mouth (6) Splash to the face (2) Exposure in HIV research lab (1) Hand Washing Handwashing is one of the most important and easiest practices used to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens. Wash hands or other exposed skin thoroughly as soon as possible following an exposure incident Hand Washing Wash hands before: eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact lenses, applying lip balm or cosmetics Keep hands away from eyes, nose and mouth Use anti-bacterial soap Don’t use harsh or abrasive soap Alcohol Base Products Hand sanitizers are ideal when there’s no soap and water Rub hands together , covering all surfaces, until they are dry. Personal Protective Equipment To protect yourself, it is essential to have a barrier between you and the potentially infectious material The best protection against exposure is to ensure you are wearing the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) Goggles, face Shields & lab Coats Use goggles if there’s a risk of splashing or vaporization of contaminated fluids Face shields provide additional protection for the nose and mouth Goggles, face Shields and Lab Coats Use goggles if there’s a risk of splashing or vaporization contaminated fluids Face of shields provide additional protection for the nose and mouth Lab coats should be worn when working with blood Gloves Gloves should be of latex, nitrile or rubber Inspect gloves before using Double gloving can provide an additional layer of protection Reducing the Risk of Infection Double Gloving Multiple studies indicate wearing two pairs of gloves provide a “wiping” effect Gloves wipe the blood contamination off the outside of the needle Reduces the amount of contamination during needle stick or cut Gloves If you have cuts or sores on your hands, on you should cover these with a bandage or similar protection as an additional precaution before donning your gloves Don’t touch the outside of used gloves Administrative Control Treat all blood or potentially infectious body fluids as if contaminated Always wear personal protective equipment in exposure situations Replace PPE that is torn or punctured Administrative Control Remove PPE before leaving the work area Properly disinfect or dispose of used PPE Wash hands immediately after removing PPE Hygiene Rules If you are working in area where there is reasonable likelihood of exposure, you should never: Eat Drink Smoke Apply cosmetics Handle lenses Food Rules Do not store food or drink, refrigerators, freezers, shelves, cabinets where blood or potentially infectious material are present Do not keep food on countertops where blood or potentially infectious material are present Needles & Syringe (Sharps) Safety The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that each year 385,000 needlestick and other sharps related injuries are sustained by hospital-based healthcare personnel. Data from National Surveillance System for Health Care Workers (NASH) that nurses sustain the highest number of percutaneous injuries. Occupational Groups of Health Care Personnel Exposed to Blood/Body Fluids Net =16,922 11 4 Housekeeping & Maintenance Technician 5 15 Physician Nurses Students Dental 25 44 Clerical/Admin Other Routes of BBP Exposures Bloodborne Exposure 1 3.2 14 Bite Non-Intact Skin Mucous Membrane Needlesticks 82 Needle and Syringe Safety Injuries most often occur after use and before disposal of a sharp device Never recap needle or syringe The majority of occupational exposure infections have resulted from injuries from hollow-bore , blood-filled devices Safety Devices The BBP standard has a requirement to implement the use of engineering controls which includes safer medical devices The standards defines Engineering Control as “ controls that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogens hazards from the workplace) i.e. sharps containers, safer devices, such as sharps with engineered sharps injury protection and needleless systems) Implementing Safety Devices Blood Transfer Device Shielded Disposable Scalpel Push Button Butterfly Needle Shielded Phlebotomy Needle Plastic capillary Tubes Signs and Labels Warning labels must be placed on containers of regulated waste, equipment such as refrigerators, freezers containing blood or other potentially infectious material and any other containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or other potentially material. Emergencies In an emergencies situation, always use Universal Precautions Minimize exposure by wearing: Gloves Splash goggles Other barrier devices If you are exposed or have a needle stick Wash the exposed area thoroughly with soap and running water Use non-abrasive antibacterial soap Flush mouth, nose and eyes for15 minutes if blood is splashed in mucous membranes Additional Actions if Exposed Report it to your supervisor Call 8-8443 during work hours for instructions or report/call to US Healthworks (910)323-3184 after hours Call OSHA Services Coordinator 8-0185 Decontamination and Sterilization All surfaces, tools, equipment and other objects that come in contact with blood or potentially infectious material must be decontaminated and sterilized as soon as possible. Equipment and tools must be cleaned and decontaminated before servicing or being put back in service/use. Decontamination of Surfaces A solution of hypochlorite (household bleach) 1:10 with water (1 part bleach, 9 parts water) should be used to decontaminate biological spills. Contaminated Clothing Remove clothing that is contaminated with blood as soon as possible Use universal precautions when handling contaminated laundry Place clothing in approved and labeled bags or containers Spill Cleanup Carefully cover the spill with paper towels or rags. Gently pour 10% solution of bleach over the towels or rags . Let sit for 10 minutes. Collect and dispose of waste Broken Glass Don’t pickup broken glassware with your hands All contaminated broken glass should be removed with mechanical device and discarded directly into puncture –resistant biohazard sharps container Infectious Waste All sharps (needles, syringes, scalpels) must be disposed of in a sharp container. NEVER PUT a sharp in the normal trash. Infectious Waste All contaminated waste must be placed in a medical waste receptacle Summary Always treat blood and Report all suspected body fluids as if infectious- using universal precautions Select the proper PPE to reduce the potential for exposure to BBP exposures Don’t handle sharps or broken glass with your hands Properly disposed of infectious waste, PPE and sharps To take a short quiz, please click on the link below: https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/BPQuiz2012