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Prime 1. mover Antagonist Synergist Performs the same movement as the prime mover 2. Opposes the movement of the prime mover 3. Main muscle responsible for movement Increase in muscle size, hypertrophy Increase in number of myofilaments within the fiber, number of muscle fibers stays the same Anaerobic exercise Increase in muscles ability to sustain moderate exercise over a long period of time Number of blood vessels increases but the size of the muscle stays the same. Increased blood flow allows for more O2 and glucose to reach the muscle. Overall metabolism increases Skeleton gets stronger Aerobic exercise Combination of strength and endurance training. Benefits of both types Fast fibers (white muscles)large in diameter, produce powerful quick contractions, fatigue rapidly Slow fibers (red muscles)smaller in diameter, take longer to contract, contract for longer periods of time A contraction requires a large amount of energy (ATP). ATP transfers extra energy into creatine when a muscle is at rest ATP + creatine ADP + creatine phosphate During a contraction CP is used to recharge the ADP to ATP ADP + CP ATP + creatine Creatine Phosphokinase is an enzyme that regulates this process. Muscle fatigue- exhaustion of energy reserves or the build up of lactic acid which prevents muscle contraction. Occurs immediately, strength can decrease up to 5% a day Muscles are replaced by fibrous connective tissue over time Extends the neck Rotates and laterally flexes head to same side intrinsic back muscles, provide resistance that helps control action of bending forward (iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis) Flex vertebral column Lateral flexion flex and rotate lumbar region Stabilize Pelvis during walking innermost muscle of abdominal wall, compresses abdominal contents individually they aid muscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion Run at right angles to the external obliques for trunk rotation and lateral flexion forms floor of thoracic cavity, prime mover for breathing elevates rib cage, helps with inspiration, synergist to diaphragm depress rib cage, helps with expiration, antagonist to external intercostals stabilizes, raises, retracts and rotates scapula prime mover of arm flexion, rotates arm medially, adducts arm against resistance, can help in climbing, pushing and throwing helps bring the arm down in a power stroke, like hammering, swimming prime mover of arm abduction Elevates scapula Adducts laterally and rotates scapula