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Warm Up 3/22/2017: 1. What are the four principles of Evolution? 2. What are the four pieces of evidence Darwin used to support his idea? 3. What does it mean for an organism to be “fit”? Provide one or more real-life examples. Instructions: Write down 2 observations in your warm ups. How do you find fossils? Agenda 1. The Great Fossil Find Activity 2. The Great Fossil Find Poster Design The Great Fossil Find: Instructions: 1. Quad up the room 2. Send one member to take an envelope from the back lab bench. Lecture 3:Fossil Record and Patterns of Evolution The Fossil Record 1. Provides evidence about the history of life on Earth (but it is incomplete) a) 99% of all species on Earth extinct 2. Shows how organisms have changed over time Fossil Formation Water carries small rock particles to lakes and seas. Dead organisms are buried by layers of sediment, which forms new rock. The preserved remains may be later discovered and studied. Interpreting Fossil Evidence The age of fossils are determined by using a) Relative dating b) Radioactive dating Interpreting Fossil Evidence 1. Relative Dating: Age is determined by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock. Interpreting Fossil Evidence 2. Radioactive Dating: the absolute age of a fossil is calculated based on the amount of remaining radioactive isotopes it contains. Interpreting Fossil Evidence: Half-life: The time it takes for half of the radioactive isotope to decay. Patterns of Evolution 1. Mass Extinctions: a. Provide ecological opportunities for organisms that survived b. Results in bursts of evolution that produced many new species. Patterns of Evolution 2. Adaptive Radiation: process by which a single species or a small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways. Patterns of Evolution 3. Convergent Evolution: the process by which unrelated organisms come to resemble one another. Patterns of Evolution 4. Analogous Structures: Structures that look and function similarly but are made up of parts that do not share a common evolutionary history. Patterns of Evolution 5. Coevolution: The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time. Patterns of Evolution 6. Punctuated equilibrium: periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change. Gradualism: Slow and steady change over time.