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CHAPTER 1 Kingdoms of Life Lesson 4: How Seed Plants Reproduce How do we classify seed plants? Vocabulary seed - a plant that is not fully formed conifer – a seed plant that has no flowers or fruit Comparing Seeds and Structures all plants that make seeds also have roots, stem and leaves examples of seed plants: apple trees, palm trees, tomato plants Flowers and Cones most seed plants have flowers that make fruit fruit protects the seeds conifers have seeds on cones How do seeds form? Vocabulary reproduction – how living things make offspring pistil – part of plant where eggs are made Pollinators, such as bees and birds, move pollen from part of the plant to another (pollination) Fertilization occurs when cells join with the egg Pollination and fertilization allow the seed to form How do seeds grow? Vocab germination – process where the seed sprouts A seed must germinate for a seed to grow into a plant A sprout will then grow roots and a small stem. (seedling) If needs are met the seedling will grow into an adult plant (reaches maturity) Life Cycle time to reach maturity can vary from days to years life cycle includes: stages of germination, maturity, reproduction; death death marks the end of the plant’s life but not the life cycle Seeds on the Move carried by wind caught on animal fur/feathers eaten and passed by animals How are plants alike and different from their parents? Inherited Traits Color, size and shape height size of fruit number of seeds flower color traits can be combined and inherited from each parent plant Choosing Traits some fruit and vegetable farmers pollinate their plants to grow plants with preferred traits examples: larger fruits, less seeds What are other ways plants can reproduce? Runners a stem that grows along the ground that can make new plants Cuttings a part of a plant that has been clipped and can produce a new plant usually a leaf or stem roots grow when cutting is put in water and a new plant can grow Bulbs and Tubers A bulb is a stem that grows underground; tulips and onions grow this way A tuber is the storage part of the plant; potatoes are tubers