Download Review 11

Review 11
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1. The embryonic stage of prenatal development refers to
a) the formation of a zygote b) the implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterine wall c) the
second through eighth weeks of prenatal development d) the last seven months of the pregnancy
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2. Chelsey is pregnant and she is concerned about taking an over-the-counter medication for her
allergies. She should be MOST concerned if her pregnancy is currently at the
a) placental stage b) germinal stage c) fetal stage d) embryonic stage
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3. The age of viability, referring to the age at which the fetus __________, is reached __________.
a) can first respond to stimulation; at about 9 weeks b) can survive if born prematurely; between
22 and 26 weeks c) first has a heartbeat; at about 16 weeks d) experiences no further cell
division in the brain; between 36 and 38 weeks
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4. If a baby is born with a small head, heart defects, and retarded mental and motor development, the
mother is MOST likely to have
a) had smallpox early in her pregnancy b) been an alcoholic
pregnancy d) smoked during pregnancy
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c) continued to work during
5. Which of the following has NOT been associated with women who smoke during pregnancy?
a) increased risk for miscarriage, stillbirth, or prematurity b) increased risk of attention deficit
disorder in the infant c) increased risk for microcephaly in the newborn d) increased risk for
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
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6. The cephalocaudal trend in physical development suggests that infants will be able to control their
a) hips and legs before they can control their shoulders and arms b) shoulders and arms before
they can control their hands and fingers c) hands and fingers before they can control their
shoulders and arms d) shoulders and arms before they can control their hips and legs
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7. With respect to maturation, it has been discovered that
a) all children go through roughly the same sequence of physical development b) the sequence of
physical development varies from culture to culture c) the sequence of physical development
varies from individual to individual d) while sequence varies a lot, rates are fairly universal across
children
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8. Jade is a graduate student who is studying the way in which selective attention develops during the
preadolescent years. She selects a group of 10-year-olds, and she assesses their selective attention
every six months over a two-year period. In this example, Jade is using
a) a longitudinal research design b) a cross-sectional research design c) a multi-factorial research
design d) a nested condition research design
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9. If an infant is temperamentally easy, what would be the best prediction to make about the child's
temperament at age 10?
a) The child is fairly likely to retain the easy temperament. b) The child is likely to
overcompensate by becoming "difficult" later on. c) No reasonable prediction can be made.
d) By the age of 10, the child is likely to develop whatever temperament the primary caregiver has.
____ 10. One-year-old Tommy is extremely distressed whenever his mother leaves him, yet resists her
attempts to comfort him when she returns. Tommy probably has __________ attachment with his
mother.
a) no attachment b) a secure attachment c) an anxious-ambivalent attachment d) an avoidant
attachment
____ 11. Preschool children who had secure attachments during infancy tend to display all of the following
characteristics EXCEPT
a) greater curiosity b) better peer relationships
self-reliance
c) higher levels of moral reasoning
d) more
____ 12. According to Belsky, if the local environment is relatively safe and rich in resources, then
individuals are more likely to form __________ attachments as children, and as adults they will be
more likely to pursue a reproductive strategy that fosters __________ in mating relationships.
a) secure; quality b) secure; quantity c) insecure; quality d) insecure; quantity
____ 13. The elementary school-age child who does well in school and who receives praise and support at
home will develop what Erikson calls a sense of
a) industry b) superiority c) generativity d) trust
____ 14. Shawn is concerned with how he compares to his peer group. For example, he is always trying to
kick the football farther than his friends, and he constantly wonders if he is doing as well in school
as the other boys in his second grade class. According to Erikson, Shawn is most likely in the stage
of
a) initiative versus guilt b) autonomy versus shame and doubt c) identity versus role confusion
d) industry versus inferiority
____ 15. To Piaget, cognitive development involves
a) stages that are characterized by fundamentally different thought processes b) increases in the
quantity, but not the quality, of knowledge with age c) passive reception of environmental stimuli
d) age-related changes in attention and memory
____ 16. Four-year-old Melanie is exploring one day, and she finds a bottle of vitamins in a cupboard. They
look just like some of the candies she got for Halloween, so she eats them all. Melanie's error
illustrates the process that Piaget referred to as
a) accommodation b) object permanence c) assimilation d) centration
____ 17. Six-year-old Sidney thought all dogs were big, like his dog, until he saw his friend's new Chihuahua.
The change in Barry's understanding of dogs illustrates the process that Piaget referred to as
a) assimilation b) object permanence c) reversibility d) accommodation
____ 18. According to Piaget, during which stage of cognitive development do children come to realize that
an object continues to exist even when they cannot see it or touch it?
a) sensorimotor b) preoperational c) concrete operational d) formal operational
____ 19. Lane is currently attending preschool. According to the stages outlined by Piaget, Lane would most
likely be in the
a) sensorimotor period of cognitive development b) formal period of cognitive development
c) preoperational period of cognitive development d) concrete period of cognitive development
____ 20. Patricia is upset because she is convinced that her brother has a bigger piece of cake than she does.
Her dad quickly slices Patricia's piece of cake in two and tells her that she now has "more" cake. If
Patricia calms down and is convinced that she does have more cake than her brother, it would
suggest that she
a) has not yet mastered object permanence b) does not understand the process of assimilation
c) does not yet understand conservation d) is displaying egocentric reasoning
____ 21. When Matthew saw his older brother's bicycle fall off its kick stand, Matthew told his brother that
the bicycle must be tired from being ridden too much. Matthew's statement illustrates the type of
thinking that Piaget referred to as
a) centration b) animism c) preformal operations d) conservation
____ 22. The stage of concrete operations is said to be "concrete" because
a) the child attributes human qualities to concrete objects b) facts are taken to be set in stone, not
to be given up easily c) an object must be present for the child to recognize its existence
d) children can perform operations only on tangible objects and actual events
____ 23. During elementary school, children gradually acquire the ability to take the perspective of others. In
other words, they
a) develop the ability to classify objects b) come to appreciate the logic of relations
less imitative d) become less egocentric
c) become
____ 24. A five-year-old boy tells you that his kindergarten class has more boys than children. This indicates
that he
a) fails to understand the concept of reversibility b) dislikes girls c) cannot yet solve problems
involving conservation of number d) cannot handle hierarchical classification problems
____ 25. Jeremy's mother has been humming the same tune for five minutes. Four-month-old Jeremy is nearly
asleep, and his heart rate and respiration are slow. His mother switches to a different tune, and
Jeremy suddenly appears to be less drowsy and he is paying more attention. Jeremy's increase in
attention when his mother switched tunes is an example of
a) dishabituation b) a conditioned response c) habituation d) sensorimotor responding
____ 26. With respect to cognitive abilities, evolutionary theorists
a) suggest that infants attend more to novel events because these events require more time for
perceptual processing b) assert that abilities which are prewired will be less prone to habituation or
dishabituation c) strive to understand the adaptive significance of abilities that appear to be
prewired d) attempt to find out which abilities are prewired, without making any assumptions
about why these abilities might be innate
____ 27. If you join your friends in a protest against nuclear power primarily because you want their approval,
rather than because of any strong conviction you have about nuclear power, you would be said to be
at which of the following levels of moral development?
a) unconventional b) conventional c) preconventional d) postconventional
____ 28. The person who objects to war on the basis of higher moral principles and a personal code of ethics
would be said to be at which of the following levels of moral development?
a) postconventional b) preconventional c) conventional d) unconventional
____ 29. Research into Kohlberg's theory of moral development has suggested all of the following EXCEPT:
a) compared to girls, boys generally show lower levels of moral reasoning b) most people show
several levels of moral reasoning at one time c) there are sizable cultural disparities in progression
through the stages d) children generally do progress through the stages in the order he outlined
____ 30. Females developing wider hips and males developing facial hair are examples of
a) primary sexual characteristics b) secondary sexual characteristics c) tertiary sexual
characteristics d) peripheral sexual characteristics
____ 31. Evolutionary theories, such as the one proposed by Belsky, suggest that stress in early family
relations may
a) decelerate sexual maturation, leading to a relatively late onset of puberty b) decelerate sexual
maturation, leading to a relatively late onset of menopause c) accelerate sexual maturation, leading
to a relatively early onset of puberty d) accelerate sexual maturation, leading to a relatively early
onset of menopause
____ 32. Michael and his twin sister Doreen turned 12 a few months ago. Both Michael and Doreen have
begun to go through the early signs of puberty. In this case, it is MOST likely that,
a) compared to Doreen, Michael is at greater risk for using drugs or alcohol because he is maturing
early b) compared to Michael, Doreen is at greater risk for using drugs or alcohol because she is
maturing early c) both Michael and Doreen are at greater risk for using drugs or alcohol because
they are both maturing early d) compared to Doreen, Michael is at lower risk for using drugs or
alcohol because he is maturing early
____ 33. Relative to older age groups, adolescents
a) complete suicide more often b) complete suicide just as often
d) attempt suicide less often
c) attempt suicide more often
____ 34. Leanna is 19 years old, but when people ask her what she wants to do when she finishes school, she
tells them she hasn't really given it much thought. She is convinced there is lots of time before she
even needs to begin thinking about her various career options. According to James Marcia, Leanna
would be considered to be in a state of identity
a) diffusion b) moratorium c) foreclosure d) postponement
____ 35. Finding and making commitments to society and future generations mark Erikson's stage of
a) integrity versus despair b) identity versus role confusion c) intimacy versus isolation
d) generativity versus self-absorption
____ 36. Which of the following is MOST likely to decline in the later years?
a) intellectual accomplishment b) procedural memory c) problem-solving ability
d) speed in
processing information
____ 37. Research has supported the finding that, compared to males, females tend to be
a) more sensitive to subtle, nonverbal cues b) more irrational c) more emotional
d) more
assertive
____ 38. The major qualification of the research findings on gender differences is that
a) the data are indicative of group differences and tell us little about individuals
b) the findings are
based on only a few studies and are therefore not very representative of the population c) most of
the research has been conducted on white middle-class children d) there is wide variation from
study to study in how the variables have been operationalized
____ 39. Based on the research into the effects of hormones on behavior, you should predict that a boy who
had an endocrine disorder that caused underproduction of androgens (male hormones) would have
a) elevated scores on measures of spatial ability b) reduced scores on measures of creativity
c) elevated scores on measures of verbal skills d) reduced scores on measures of leadership skills
____ 40. A nine-year-old child would be likely to be in the __________ stage of development according to
Piaget, and the __________ stage of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg.
a) preoperational; preconventional b) concrete operations; preconventional
operations; conventional d) sensorimotor; postconventional
c) concrete