Download Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks

Geology 12
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
by MVG
You will need your:
• Blue Sheet (Classification of Rocks)
• Rock ID Lab
• Percent Mineral Composition Chart
• Environment Diagrams
• Piece of paper (or the blue sheet) for
making notes on any “extras”
ROCK TYPE…
Igneous Rocks
ROCK TYPE…
Sedimentary Rocks
SUBCLASSES…
Intrusive & Extrusive
SUBCLASSES…
Clastic, Chemical & Organic
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MUST KNOW
ROCK TYPE…
Metamorphic Rocks
SUBCLASSES…
Foliated & Non-Foliated
T&P
Igneous Environments
Igneous Rocks
Intrusive & Extrusive
2
MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
Percent Composition Chart
Rhyolite
Igneous
Extrusive / Volcanic
Comment: Felsic
MUST KNOW
Percent Composition Chart
Granite
Igneous
Intrusive / Plutonic
Comment: Felsic
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Percent Composition Chart
Andesite
Igneous
Extrusive / Volcanic
Comment: Intermediate
Diorite
Igneous
Intrusive / Plutonic
Comment: Intermediate
MUST KNOW
Percent Composition Chart
MUST KNOW
Basalt
Igneous
Extrusive / Volcanic
Comment: Mafic
Percent Composition Chart
Gabbro
Igneous
Intrusive / Plutonic
Comment: Mafic
MUST KNOW
Percent Composition Chart
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Percent Composition Chart
Peridotite
Igneous
Intrusive / Plutonic
Comment: Ultramafic
Anorthosite
Igneous
Intrusive / Plutonic
Comment: Ultramafic
Contains high percentage
of mineral olivine. Gem
form called “peridots.”
Genesis Rock
MUST KNOW
Igneous Rock Features
PLUTONS: Sills, Dikes, Batholiths
Columnar Basalt
Vesicuar Basalt
Chilled Margins / Pillow Lava
Glasses
Pyroclastics
Phenocryts, Porphyry, Pegmatites
Welded Tuff, Breccia
See website for additional features and photos.
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Devils Postpile
Sierra Nevada Mtns
MUST KNOW
Columnar Basalt
Columns form during cooling of large flows.
Vesicles
indicate a lava flow rather than intrusion.
Yellowknife NWT
Greenstone Belt
Slave Craton
MUST KNOW
Yellowknife NWT
Greenstone Belt
Slave Craton
MUST KNOW
Pillow Lava with chilled margin.
Crystal size increases from edge to center.
Vesicular Basalt
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MUST KNOW
Pumice
(floating, vesicular,
volcanic glass)
Obsidian
volcanic glass
chonchoidal fracture
Pyroclastic Material
Scoria
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MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
Porphyry
Xenoliths
Different sized crystals indicate
different cooling rates.
are INCLUSIONS of the
original country rock. They
are older than the
surrounding rock.
The large crystals are called phenocrysts.
The larger crystals had longer to form.
“The chocolate chips of rocks.”
Uniformly small crystals are called the matrix.
Volcanic Breccia – cemented volcanic material
Pegmatite
Hydrothermal
Mineral deposit
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Sedimentary Environments
Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic, Chemical & Organic
Sorting by water
9
MUST KNOW
Conglomerate
Sedimentary
Clastic
Comment:
AKA Pudding stone
Conglomerate
Breccia
Sedimentary
Clastic
Comment:
“Broken Pieces”
MUST KNOW
Sandstone
Sedimentary
Clastic
Comment: cemented sand grains
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MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
Sandstone
Sandstone
Sedimentary
Clastic
Comment: cemented sand grains
Sedimentary
Clastic
Comment: cemented sand grains
Siltstone (similar to SHALE)
Mudstone (similar to SHALE)
Sedimentary
Clastic
Comment: cemented silt particles
Sedimentary
Clastic
Comment: cemented mud particles
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MUST KNOW
SHALE
Sedimentary
Clastic
Comment: cemented clay particles
Sedimentary
Clastic
Comment: cemented clay particles
MUST KNOW
Oolitic
Limestone
Limestone
Sedimentary
Chemical
Comment: indicate
a shallow sea
environment
MUST KNOW
Sedimentary
Chemical
Comment: a carbonate (contains the mineral calcite)
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MUST KNOW
Rock Salt
Sedimentary
Chemical / Evaporite
Comment: mineral halite
MUST KNOW
Gypsum
Sedimentary
Chemical / Evaporite
Comment: mineral
Potash
Sedimentary
Chemical / Evaporite
Comment: contains the minerals
halite and sylvite
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Fossiliferous Limestone
MUST KNOW
Sedimentary
Biological / Organic
Comment: cemented shells
MUST KNOW
Coquina
Sedimentary
Biological / Organic
Comment: cemented shell
fragments (looks like granola)
Chalk
Sedimentary
Biological / Organic
Comment:
microscopic shells
Chert
Sedimentary
Organic or Chemical
Comment: silica
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MUST KNOW
Ironstones
Sedimentary
Organic or Chemical
Comment: iron ore
Coal
Australia
Sedimentary
Biological / Organic
Comment: plant remains
Drumheller Alberta
Sedimentary Rock
Features
Stratification
Carbonate Platforms
Ripple Marks / Crossbedding
Graded Bedding
Mudcracks
Fossils
MUST KNOW
Stratification
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Development of a Carbonate Platform
Uplifted Carbonate Platform - England
Florida - Exposed
Carbonate Platform
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Uplifted Carbonate Platform - China
Ripple Marks
Tilted Carbonate (Limestone) and Shale Platform
MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
Symmetrical Ripple Marks
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Crossbedding
Symmetrical Ripple Marks
Zion National Park, Utah
Crossbedding
Crossbedding
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Graded Bedding
MUST KNOW
“Turbitites”
Graded Bedding Æ Turbidites
Graded Bedding
19
MUST KNOW
Mudcracks
Mudcracks
MUST KNOW
Fossilized Mudcracks
Cast Fossil - Trilobite
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Stromatolites
Turitella – Fossil Shells
MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
Stromatolites
Varves
Glacial Lake
Sediments
KLO Road,
Kelowna BC
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Metamorphic Environments
Metamorphic Rocks
Foliated & Non-Foliated
MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
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Increasing
Degrees of Metamorphism
Shale
(due to increasing depth / T&P)
Slate
Phylite
Schist
Slate
Metamorphic
Foliated
Comment:
parent=shale
Gneiss
MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
Slate
Metamorphic
Foliated
Comment:
parent=shale
Phylite
Metamorphic
Foliated
Comment: small mica
flakes visible
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MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
Gneiss
Schist
Metamorphic
Foliated (banded)
Comment: parent=granite
Metamorphic
Foliated
Comment: “schistocity”
MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
Quartzite
Marble
Metamorphic
Non-Foliated
Comment: parent=limestone
Metamorphic
Non-Foliated
Comment: parent=quartz
sandstone
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Coal Formation….
(due to increasing depth / T&P)
MUST KNOW
MUST KNOW
Meta-conglomerate
Metamorphic
Non-Foliated
Comment: parent=conglomerate
MUST KNOW
Garnet
Staurolite
Anthracite Coal
Metamorphic
Non-Foliated
Comment: further
metamorphism produces
the mineral graphite
MUST KNOW
Index Minerals
Indicate Metamorphic Grade
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The End!
Migmatite
Partially melted rock
which indicates
highest grade of
metamorphism
Pyrite crystals on stalagmite dripstone. ($65)
http://www.minfind.com/mineral-list.php
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