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Respiratory System SAT Answers 5-7 1. (a) (b) (i) Amy and Kisham answers may be in either order both answers are required for the mark (ii) any one from traffic pollution or air pollution ‘pollution’ is insufficient passive smoking faulty gas fires or faulty gas heaters any two from smokers have a higher concentration of carbon monoxide in the blood accept ‘they have a lot of carbon monoxide in their blood’ the blood of smokers contains or transports less oxygen accept ‘not enough oxygen gets to the muscles or to other parts of the body or to the other cells’ do not accept ‘stops the blood taking up oxygen’ smokers breathe more quickly to try to get enough oxygen or air do not accept ‘less oxygen gets into the lungs’ accept ‘smoke contains carbon monoxide’ or accept ‘smokers breathe in more carbon monoxide’ 1 1 2 [4] 2. (a) (b) any one from to prevent it collapsing to keep it open for support (i) A: oxygen B: carbon dioxide 1 accept ‘protects against collapse’ ‘for protection’ is insufficient accept ‘for strength’ accept ‘for flexibility’ accept ‘O2’ accept ‘CO2’ 1 both answers are required for the mark (c) (ii) any one from it is thin it is one cell thick it is close to the blood supply accept ‘there is a diffusion gradient’ accept ‘it is moist’ 1 (i) any one from it moves mucus it sweeps dust from lungs 1 accept ‘it moves bacteria’ ‘to clear or clean the airways’ is insufficient greenwich bulk LEA 1 (ii) any one from it paralyses the cilia it stops the cilia working it clogs the cilia 1 accept ‘it destroys them’ do not accept ‘it kills cilia’ (iii) nicotine 1 [6] 3. (a) (b) (i) P 1 (ii) S 1 (i) oxygen 1 (ii) carbon dioxide 1 (c) so that oxygen or carbon dioxide or gases can pass through quickly or easily do not accept ‘so air can pass through easily’ do not accept ‘so that oxygen can pass through’ accept ‘so they can expand easily’ 1 (d) any one from 1 so that a lot of oxygen can be absorbed or taken in accept ‘so that enough oxygen or carbon dioxide or gas can pass through’ the body needs a lot of oxygen so that a lot of carbon dioxide can be removed accept ‘so that gas can pass through quickly’ [6] 4. (a) (b) (i) 1000 (ii) any three from she was using her muscles more she needed more energy her rate of respiration increased more oxygen was used up more carbon dioxide was produced 1 3 accept ‘she was using her muscles’ accept ‘more respiration’ accept ‘more oxygen was needed’ accept ‘there was more carbon dioxide to remove’ accept for the first two marking points ‘her muscles need more energy’ (i) it became faster 1 (ii) any one from the breaths are closer together there are more breaths in 10 s 1 accept ‘the waves are closer together’ accept ‘there are more waves in 10 s’ accept ‘there are three breaths in the first ten seconds and five in the next ten seconds’ [6] greenwich bulk LEA 2 5. (a) (i) tissue (ii) mucus traps bacteria or dust 1 accept ‘they are trapped by mucus’ cilia move mucus out of the lungs or windpipe accept ‘cilia move them upwards’ or ‘cilia move mucus’ accept ‘cilia remove bacteria or dust’ (b) any two from mucus will build up airways will be partially blocked 1 1 2 accept ‘cilia cannot move mucus’ accept ‘blocked airways’ or named part of the airway do not accept ‘lungs will be blocked’ accept ‘breathing will be more difficult’ coughing lungs can become infected or bacteria are not removed (c) Both the name of the substance and its effect are needed for each mark. any two from 2 nicotine causes addiction or raised blood pressure or raised heart rate or stops cilia working tar causes cancer or blocks the airways or clogs the cilia or builds up in the alveoli do not accept ‘tar blocks the lungs’ carbon particles cause coughing or cancer accept ‘carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen carried in the blood’ [7] greenwich bulk LEA 3