Download An 5-7

Respiratory System SAT Answers 5-7
1.
(a)
(b)
(i)
Amy and Kisham
answers may be in either order
both answers are required for the mark
(ii)
any one from
 traffic pollution or air pollution
‘pollution’ is insufficient
 passive smoking
 faulty gas fires or faulty gas heaters
any two from
 smokers have a higher concentration of carbon monoxide in the blood
accept ‘they have a lot of carbon monoxide
in their blood’
 the blood of smokers contains or transports less oxygen
accept ‘not enough oxygen gets to the
muscles or to other parts of the body or to
the other cells’
do not accept ‘stops the blood taking up
oxygen’
 smokers breathe more quickly to try to get enough oxygen or air
do not accept ‘less oxygen gets into the
lungs’
accept ‘smoke contains carbon monoxide’
or
accept ‘smokers breathe in more carbon
monoxide’
1
1
2
[4]
2.
(a)
(b)
any one from
 to prevent it collapsing
 to keep it open
 for support
(i)
A: oxygen
B: carbon dioxide
1
accept ‘protects against collapse’
‘for protection’ is insufficient
accept ‘for strength’
accept ‘for flexibility’
accept ‘O2’
accept ‘CO2’
1
both answers are required for the mark
(c)
(ii)
any one from
 it is thin
 it is one cell thick
 it is close to the blood supply
accept ‘there is a diffusion gradient’
accept ‘it is moist’
1
(i)
any one from
 it moves mucus
 it sweeps dust from lungs
1
accept ‘it moves bacteria’
‘to clear or clean the airways’ is insufficient
greenwich bulk LEA
1
(ii)
any one from
 it paralyses the cilia
 it stops the cilia working
 it clogs the cilia
1
accept ‘it destroys them’
do not accept ‘it kills cilia’
(iii)
nicotine
1
[6]
3.
(a)
(b)
(i)
P
1
(ii)
S
1
(i)
oxygen
1
(ii)
carbon dioxide
1
(c)
so that oxygen or carbon dioxide or gases can pass through quickly or easily
do not accept ‘so air can pass through easily’
do not accept ‘so that oxygen can pass through’
accept ‘so they can expand easily’
1
(d)
any one from
1
 so that a lot of oxygen can be absorbed or taken in
accept ‘so that enough oxygen or carbon
dioxide or gas can pass through’
 the body needs a lot of oxygen
 so that a lot of carbon dioxide can be removed
accept ‘so that gas can pass through quickly’
[6]
4.
(a)
(b)
(i)
1000
(ii)
any three from
 she was using her muscles
more
 she needed more energy
 her rate of respiration
increased
 more oxygen was used up
 more carbon dioxide was
produced
1
3
accept ‘she was using her muscles’
accept ‘more respiration’
accept ‘more oxygen was needed’
accept ‘there was more carbon dioxide to
remove’
accept for the first two marking points ‘her
muscles need more energy’
(i)
it became faster
1
(ii)
any one from
 the breaths are closer
together
 there are more breaths in
10 s
1
accept ‘the waves are closer together’
accept ‘there are more waves in 10 s’
accept ‘there are three breaths in the first
ten seconds and five in the next ten seconds’
[6]
greenwich bulk LEA
2
5.
(a)
(i)
tissue
(ii)
mucus traps bacteria or dust
1
accept ‘they are trapped by mucus’
cilia move mucus out of the lungs or windpipe
accept ‘cilia move them upwards’ or
‘cilia move mucus’
accept ‘cilia remove bacteria or dust’
(b)
any two from
 mucus will build up
 airways will be partially blocked
1
1
2
accept ‘cilia cannot move mucus’
accept ‘blocked airways’ or named part of
the airway
do not accept ‘lungs will be blocked’
accept ‘breathing will be more difficult’
 coughing
 lungs can become infected or bacteria are not removed
(c)
Both the name of the substance and its effect are needed for each mark.
any two from
2
 nicotine causes addiction or raised blood pressure or raised heart rate or
stops cilia working
 tar causes cancer or blocks the airways or clogs the cilia or builds up in the alveoli
do not accept ‘tar blocks the lungs’
 carbon particles cause coughing or cancer
accept ‘carbon monoxide reduces the
amount of oxygen carried in the blood’
[7]
greenwich bulk LEA
3