Download ID_4419_Biophys- Laser- Oft (c

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?What was the first solid state laser created?
Excimer laser
Neodymium glass laser
Garnet crystals laser
Helium-neon laser
Ruby laser
What does acronym “laser” stand for?
Living Amplification of Solidly Emitted Radiation
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Long Amplitude of Simulated Emission of Radiowaves
Light Appearance by Spontaneous Emission of Radiation
Lasting Amplification for Special Emission of Radiation
What is not a physical property of a laser beam?
The efficiency of about 1%.
Coherent
Collimated
Continuous
Small divergence angle of the light beam
The value of monochromaticity of laser beam ((delta v)/v, delta nu/nu) is ____
Always equals to 0
Within the range of 10-12 to 10-13
Always equals to 1
Within the range of 0 to 1
Within the range of 1012 to 1013
Name a component that is NOT a part of optical cavity of a laser:
A lasing (or “gain”) medium
Highly reflective mirror
Partially reflective mirror
Resonator
An energy source or a pump
Excimer laser wavelength is within
Ultraviolet range
Visible range
Infrared range
X-ray range
None of the above
CO2 laser has a wavelength of emitted electromagnetic radiation of approximately ____
100 nm
500 nm
1000 nm
5000 nm
10000 nm
Excimer laser used for eye surgery is a combination of
Atoms from the X state and atoms from the C state
Helium molecules and Neon molecules
Two highly active molecules from halogen element
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Noble gas molecules and halogen element molecules
A mix of different noble gas molecules
In this type of lasers there is no discrete energy levels of lasing medium atoms, but rather energy
bands that electrons jump between.
Semiconductor based laser
Chemical lasers
Excimer lasers
Gas laser
Dye laser
As the wavelength decreases towards the ultraviolet spectrum, ___
lasers become of less and less use
the depth penetration of live tissues increases
the depth penetration of live tissues decreases
the depth penetration of live tissues stays the same
the light scattering decreases
This component of a laser produces/is a source of quanta of energy, hv
Output coupler
Partially reflective mirror
Optical resonator
Lasing medium
Highly reflective medium
This component of a laser is a barrel where stimulated emission takes places and masses of quanta of
energy, hv, are produced.
Output coupler
Partially reflective mirror
Optical resonator
Lasing medium
Highly reflective medium
This component of a laser is a small opening where laser beam exits the system.
Output coupler
Partially reflective mirror
Optical resonator
Lasing medium
Highly reflective medium
When photon hits an excited atom, and excited atom goes back to a ground state, producing two
identical photons, the process is known as______
Ionizing radiation
Higher energy orbital conversion
Colliding
Spontaneous emission
Stimulated emission
The output of continuous wave lasers is measured as ____
force in newtons
energy in joules
power in watts
fluence, or irradiance multiplied by exposure time
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wavelength in nanometers
The output of pulsed lasers is measured as ____
force in newtons
energy in joules
power in watts
fluence, or irradiance multiplied by exposure time
wavelength in nanometers
Water predominantly absorbs ____
UV light
Infrared light
Visible light
UV light and infrared light
Infrared light and visible light
Speaking of medical lasers, which category based on safety do they belong to?
Class 1M
Class 1
Class 4
Class 2M
Class 3B
Which part of an eye is reshaped during Lasik laser remodeling?
Cilliary muscle
Upper portion of cornea
Corneal stroma
Retina of an eye
Eye lens
In cardiology, this type of laser is used to improve blood flow to the heart
Excimer laser
CO2 laser
Nd and Glass laser
Helium Neon laser
None of the listed here
What is NOT true about MPE, regarding laser safety?
It is a calculation of the highest power density (W/cm2) or energy density (J/cm2) allowed for a
laser that is considered to be safe and unlikely to cause damage
It stands for Maximum Permeable Exposure (MPE) levels
It is measured at the skin or the cornea of the eye, for a given wavelength or exposure time.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) defines methods of calculating MPE levels
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) uses standard 60825-1 (2007) to calculate and
define MPE.
Among seven classes of lasers based on safety, Class 1M, 1, 2M, 2, 3R, 3B and 4, which one is the
safest?
Class 1M
Class 1
Class 4
Class 2M
Class 3B
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In helium-neon laser, an auxiliary component is
helium
neon
helium and neon
none of the listed, as helium and neon gases are both primary lasing components
ruby crystal
Which of the following is not true about laser beam
it is monochromatic
it is collimated
it is always working in a pulsed mode
it is coherent
it can be of a specified wavelength
When electron drops from a higher quantum state to a lower quantum state in an atom,
a photon is absorbed
an electromagnetic energy is absorbed.
A single energy quantum, hv, is released
Atom collapses with formation of new chemical bonds
A new chemical element is formed
Light is ____
an electromagnetic wave only
a directional movement of particles – photons
a substance with dual properties, being both electromagnetic wave and particles – photons
ultrasound traveling at a light speed
infrasound traveling at a light speed
As a wavelength of electromagnetic wave decreases,
frequency increases and energy of a photon decreases
frequency decreases and energy of a photon decreases
frequency increases and energy of a photon increases
frequency decreases and energy of a photon decreases
frequency increases and energy of a photon stays the same
Which of the following is not part of the ionizing radiation?
Gamma rays
X-rays
Extreme UV light
Microwave
Soft X-rays
The time constant for spontaneous emission, that is represented by ?, is
There no such thing as a time constant, as spontaneous emission depends on temperature.
The maximal time it takes for the electron to decay from the higher state to a lower state
The longest time an unstable atom can exist in this unstable state
The longest time an unstable atom can exist in this unstable state
The average time it takes for the electron to decay from higher state to a lower state
CO2 laser is
an atomic laser
a laser that works with molecular transitions (vibrational and rotational states)
does not requires continuous replacement of a hot gas.
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Cannot be used for material processing, or surgery.
None of the answers is correct
Those are lasers in which a population inversion is created between the excited vibrational- rotational
levels of heteronuclear molecules by adiabatic expansion, moving at high speed gas mixture
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solid lasers
gas lasers
semiconductor-based lasers
gas-dynamic lasers
dye lasers
Irradiance, or power density of a laser, is ____
a dose of absorbed radiation, in rads per cm3
laser energy per unit area (J/cm2)
a dose of absorbed radiation, in rads
laser power per unit area (W/cm2)
none of the listed is correct
In order to cause biological effect, laser beam must be
transmitted by biological tissue
absorbed by biological tissue
scattered by biological tissue
reflected by biological tissue
none of the statements is true
During laser tattoo removal,
both skin tissue and dyes absorb laser beams
only skin tissue absorb laser beam
only dyes absorb laser beam
only upper portion of skin absorbs laser, masking the dye beneath
there is no correct answer
What of the following is not true about ablation of the corneal tissue caused by excimer laser?
It is breaking down of the covalent bonds in the protein molecules (photodissociation)
It is tissue vaporization without thermal effect
It is forced localized rapid destruction of the surface of cornea
it is done while absorbing UV light by tissues
it causes stimulated emission of light by the corneal molecules
The guiding of the laser fiber optic during endovenous laser ablation is more likely to be done with
visual observation of the skin surface
using ultrasound
using magnetic resonance imaging
using computed tomography
by simple skin palpation
The wavelength of the laser for the endovenous laser ablation is
100-200 nm
400-500 nm
800-900 nm
1000-1200 nm
>1200 nm
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One of the following is not true about laser prostate surgery:
it uses holmium-Nd:YAG high powered "red" laser
The laser destroys prostate tissue that blocks the opening of the urethra
There is no incision (cut) in your skin and the procedure takes ca. 1 hour
With laser prostate surgery a fiber optic cable pushed through the urethra
It will take at least one month to recover from the procedure
LASIK, commonly referred to as laser eye surgery or laser vision correction, can NOT be used to
correct ONE of the following:
myopia
hypermetropia
astigmatism
cataract
all eye vision defects listed here can be corrected
LASIK eye surgery is reshaping of _________
eyeball
lens
cornea
vitreous body
iris
The following is a correct sequence of LASIK eye surgery
flap creation, laser stromal cornea remodeling, repositioning of a flap, postoperative care
laser stromal cornea remodeling, flap creation , repositioning of a flap, postoperative care
flap creation, repositioning of a flap, laser stromal cornea remodeling, postoperative care
flap creation, repositioning of a flap, postoperative care, laser stromal cornea remodeling
flap creation, repositioning of a flap, laser stromal cornea remodeling
Excimer laser for LASIK eye surgery uses light beam with a wavelength of
100 nm
193 nm
593 nm
993 nm
1293 nm
This laser is used for surgery over the skin and tissues located beneath
Excimer laser
CO2 laser
Argon laser
Ruby laser
ArF laser
This laser is used for tattoo removal
Excimer laser
CO2 laser
Argon laser
Ruby laser
ArF laser
Excited state of an atom is when
Electrons are located on upper principal quantum orbitals
Electrons are spinning faster around the atom
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Temperature of the volume where those atoms are located is above absolute zero in Kelvins
Atoms lack electrons
Atoms have electron excess.
This laser is used in periodontal scaling, in dentistry
Excimer laser
CO2 laser
Argon laser
Ruby laser
Er:YAG laser
Which of the following is not from the family of excimer lasers:
Kr2
ArF
KrF
XeCl
NaCl
Which of the following excimer lasers is used for LASIK eye surgery:
Kr2
ArF
KrF
XeCl
KrCl
The excited state of Excimer laser is achieved through
Electrons going into upper orbitals and returning back to groud state through spontaneous emission
Formation of unstable dimer molecules between noble gases or between noble gas and halogen gas
Activation of auxiliary portion of an medium which passes photons to primary lasing medium
None of the listed here is correct
Semiconductor technology where electrons exist on special bands, not on discrete energy orbitals
Eye laser trabeculoplasty is performed using
Excimer laser
CO2 laser
Argon laser
Ruby laser
Er:YAG laser
Eye laser trabeculoscopy is used to treat
cataract
astigmatism
glaucoma
myopia
macular degeneration
Eye laser trabeculoscopy is performed by
releasing eye pressure by burning tiny holes in sclera
modification of the trabecular meshwork – burning tiny holes that liquid can leak through
changing the volume of an eye slightly to accommodate extra pressure
burning/destroying minor blood vessels so less liquid is brought into the eye
increasing the diameter of eye venule to increase amount of liquid leaving eye
One of the following is not property of photon:
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it is stable
it has energy of hv
it has mass 100 times less than a mass of electron
it is an elementary particle
it has momentum
Laser prostatectomy takes about ______
10 minutes
1 hour
3 hours
5 hours
Several hour-long procedures.
For birthmark removal, we will use lasers of the wavelength roughly approaching
near infrared
visible light
UV
extreme UV
Gamma-knife
Devices, which are similar to lasers, but use radio and microwave frequencies, are called
rasers
lasels
masers
pasers
radio knives
In Nd:YAG laser, what Nd stands for?
non detectable
neocadmium
neodymium
near-dormant
non-visible
What does YAG stands for in Nd:YAG laser?
yttrium and green
yellow and green
yellow argon gas
yttrium aluminium garnet
there is no correct answer
What is not true about Nd-YAG laser?
it is used for eye surgery
it is used to pump dye lasers
it produces laser beam of approximately 1000-1100 nm
they are used in medicine
all answers are true about Nd-YAG laser
As a frequency of electromagnetic wave decreases,
wavelength increases and energy of a photon decreases
wavelength decreases and energy of a photon decreases
wavelength increases and energy of a photon increases
wavelength decreases and energy of a photon decreases
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wavelength increases and energy of a photon stays the same
Visible light has a range of wavelengths of
0 to 1000 nanometers
200 to 300 micrometers
400 to 700 nanometers
1000 to 10000 nanometers
0 to 10 nanometers
One of the following is incorrect about Infrared light
it has wavelength longer than visible light
it has wavelength shorter than UV light
it has wavelength values between those of visible light and radiowaves
it has wavelength longer than gamma rays
all statements are correct
Please place the following electromagnetic wave classification, in order of increasing wavelength
x-rays, gamma rays, UV light, visible light, infrared, microwaves , radiowaves
UV light, gamma rays, x-rays, visible light, infrared, microwaves , radiowaves
visible light, gamma rays, x-rays, UV light, infrared, microwaves , radiowaves
gamma rays, x-rays, UV light, visible light, infrared, microwaves , radiowaves
none sequence is correct
Which of the following will be considered an ionizing irradiation?
gamma rays
visible light
Infrared
Microwaves
Radiowaves
What do we know about proton number in a neutral atom?
.equal to the atomic mass of the chemical element number in Periodic Table
equal to number of electrons in this atom
equal to number of neutrons in this atom
equal to number of neutrons plus electrons in this atom
equal to number of neutrons minus electrons in this atom
Which of the following will be considered non-ionizing radiation?
gamma rays
x-rays
Infrared
Roentgen rays
Extreme UV light
Laser beams are
Monochromatic
Coherent
Collimated
High energy
All answers are correct
The laser " scalpel " is used in:
Dentistry ;
Urology ;
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Neurosurgery ;
Otolaryngology ;
All answers are correct ;
The types of lasers are divided into:
Solid state ;
Gas ;
Semiconductor ;
Liquid ;
All answers are correct ;
The main components of the laser :
electric lamp;
voltage attachment ;
Electric current ;
Gas ;
The active (lasing) medium, pumping system, the optical resonator ;
One of the first solid-state OQG (optical quantum generator) was created :
Prokhorov , 1658 ;
Basov , 1954 ;
Maiman , 1960 ;
Townes , 1967 ;
Basov , 1955 ;
To select for the direction of laser propagation, we use:
Heat resonator ;
Liquid resonator ;
Solid-state cavity ;
The optical resonator ;
Gas resonator ;
By the method of obtaining population inversion, the lasers are divided into:
The electronic pumping ;
From the chemical pumping ;
With optical pumping ;
With heat pumping ;
All answers are correct ;
A device that generates the output light beam is called:
Active medium ;
The optical resonator ;
Pumping system ;
Solid-state environment;
Infrared region ;
Using language of quantum theory, "electromagnetic radiation", happens during?
The transition of an atom from a lower to a higher energy state ;
The transition of an atom from a higher to a lower energy state due to external influence ;
A device that converts the energy of the pump ;
All answers are correct ;
Absorption of photon energy ;
What are the structural elements in ruby laser?
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Ruby rod ;
Mirror, which partly reflects the beam ;
Mirror , which fully reflects the beam ;
Power switch ;
All answers are correct ;
Properties of laser radiation:
A small divergence angle of the light beam ;
Exclusive monochromaticity ;
High power light source ;
Efficiency of about 1%;
All answers are correct ;
Physical basis of the laser is :
The phenomenon of stimulated ( induced ) emission;
The phenomenon of spontaneous emission ;
The phenomenon of light absorption ;
All correct answers ;
There is no wrong answer ;
Laser is ......
Optical quantum generator - a device that converts the energy pumping (light, electrical, thermal,
chemical and others) into the energy of electromagnetic waves;
focal point generator ;
Apparatus for ultrasonic examination ;
Apparatus for measuring radiation doses ;
Apparatus for the study of concentration of the substance ;
How do we call lasers, in which the source of energy are chemical reactions between the components
of the working environment ?
Chemical
Physical
Dye lasers
Semiconductor
Silver-based
... - It is a laser where active lasing medium is free electrons oscillating in the external
electromagnetic field ?
Free electron laser ;
Chemicals ;
condenser ;
Physical ;
Semiconductor ;
What is provided during skin laser disection?
absence of sterility
A large error in hitting the target
major bleeding
Burns surrounding tissues
sterility
Where lasers are used :
In medicine and science ;
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In nature ;
In the confectionery business ;
In the publishing industry ;
In pharmacokinetic modeling ;
Based on the gaining medium, Lasers are classified into :
Solid state ;
Semiconductor ;
Liquid ;
Molecular ;
All answers are correct ;
What is the wavelength of a ruby laser :
1,064 mm;
1,047 mm;
694.3 nm;
1.62 m;
1.03 m;
Ruby laser belongs to:
liquid laser ;
Solid state laser ;
semiconductor ;
Photo-disassembling ;
Chemical laser ;
Holography - it is ...
The method of obtaining 3D and color images ;
The method of obtaining black-and- white images ;
The method of obtaining three-dimensional images ;
The method of obtaining color images ;
The method of obtaining three-dimensional, black and white images;
Lasers are classified according to :
According to aggregation ;
For circuit operation;
In terms of physical characteristics ;
For energy density of radiation;
All answers are correct ;
What is the wavelength of the carbon dioxide laser ?
10.6 mm;
9.7 mm;
11.2 mm;
11.6 nm;
10.56 nm;
.... - Lasers with thermal pumping inversion of populations which is created between the excited
vibrational- rotational levels of heteronuclear molecules by adiabatic expansion, moving at high
speed gas mixture (usually N2 + CO2 + He or N2 + CO2 + H2O, working substance - CO2).
Dye lasers ;
Excimer lasers ;
Semiconductor lasers ;
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Gas-dynamic lasers ;
Gas lasers ;
... - A type of laser, which is using as an active medium a fluorescent solution to form a wide variety
of organic dyes.
Dye lasers ;
Ekcimer lasers ;
Semiconductor lasers ;
Gasdynamic lasers ;
Gas lasers ;
Light absprbtion - is:
Atomic process;
Molecular process;
Cellular processes ;
Cloth process;
Organ process;
In what areas do we use LL (laser light)?
Biology , Medicine;
Cooking ;
Economy ;
Mechanical Engineering ;
Mining of iron ores
The penetration depth of the visible rays increases with :
Transition from purple to red rays;
Transition from red to violet rays;
Transition from green to red rays;
Transition from purple to blue light ;
Transition from red to yellow rays;
Give examples of skin diseases which are treated with a laser :
Dermatitis , dermatitis , atopic dermatitis ;
Sore throat , laryngitis , pharyngitis ;
Nystagmus , strabismus ;
Neuritis , neuralgia ;
Dermatitis , progressive myopia;
From which properties depend on the energy performance of laser radiation on a biological tissue ?
Flux of energy;
The surface area of ??tissue;
laser beam speed;
Temperatures ;
pressure;
How was the first photon generator called ?
Laser ;
Mather ;
Yahron ;
Yatagan -1;
There is no right answer ;
Laser radiation can be?
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Continuous and prolonged ;
Pulsed or wavy ;
Abrupt or continuous ;
Continuous or pulsed ;
Pulsed or prolonged ;
In a helium- neon laser emitting atoms is
copper ;
Helium ;
Neon ;
Argentum ;
Zinc ;
Visible waveband laser has a wavelenght of ----12 .... 30 nm;
40 .. 80 nm;
360 ... 760 nm;
3000 ... 3700 nm;
3750 ... 3800 nm;
What processes occur at the cellular level under the influence of laser radiation?
Changing the energy activity of cell membranes ;
Absorption of light fabrics by photoacceptors ;
Increases absorption of oxygen to tissues ;
Increases blood flow velocity ;
The appearance of the primary photoproducts ;
Laser - it is a ...
A device for changing the frequency of light ;
Optical quantum generator ;
Device for measuring the level of contamination of the environment;
A device for measuring eye pressure ;
All answers are correct ;
Ruby laser pump source is :
Pulsed lamp ;
Laser diodes;
The second laser;
Mercury arc lamp ;
Electric current ;
This laser is very likely to be used in surgery on skin surface
Excimer laser
Ruby laser
CO2 laser
Gold-doped laser
Maser
EVLA, speaking of laser, stands for ______
Endovenous laser ablation
Entra-vascular laser absorbtion
Extra-value laser addition
Envovolumetric laser aspiraion
E.
106.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
107.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
108.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
109.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
110.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
111.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
112.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
113.
A. *
B.
All answers are incorrect
EVLA, speaking of lasers, is used for:
varicose vein treatment
eyesight correction
Glaucomal pressure release by laser
Tattoo removal by lasers
All answers are incorrect
Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty is used for:
varicose vein treatment
eyesight correction
Glaucomal pressure release by laser
Tattoo removal by lasers
All answers are incorrect
Laser cannot be used for:
Close small blood vessels to reduce blood loss
Remove dilated blood vessels from the face
Reduce the appearance of skin wrinkles, scars, and other skin blemishes
Remove hair
it can be used for everything listed here
Excimer laser was invented in ......
1970
1960
1940
1930
1980
This international commission defines seven classes of lasers, based on safety:
The International Electrotechnical Commission
The European Commmission on Safety
World Safety Commission
Asian Electrical Association
None of these agency is responsible for laser safety classification
This part of an eye is punched with laser to make holes to release intraocular pressure:
Cornea
Trabecular meshwork
Lens
Anterior chamber
Pupil
Monochromatic means _____
A laser with unique abilities
A light beam of a single wavelength
single chromium-dope laser
A light beam with a range of wavelengths
there is no correct answers
An output of a continuous laser is measured in
watts
joules
C.
D.
E.
114.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
115.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
116.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
117.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
118.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
119.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
120.
A. *
B.
C.
Hz
newtons
pascals
An output of a pulsed laser is measured in
watts
joules
Hz
newtons
pascals
Speaking of light, Which formula is correct?
lambda * nu = speed of light
lambda / nu = speed of light
nu / lambda = speed of light
lambda * nu * speed of light = 1
There is no correct formula
Energy of a photon is equal to:
h * nu
h/nu
h - nu
h + nu
there is no correct answer
At the irradiation of carbon of С-12 the isotope of carbon of С-13 appears protons. What is here
thrown out particle?
Positron.
Neutron.
Proton.
Electron.
Neutrino.
The atom of lithium is contained by 3 electrons, 3 protons and 4 neutrons. His atomic mass number
makes: .. .
7
3
6
4
10
Transformation of energy of the electromagnetic field to thermal energy in the matter of dielectric is
named .......... .
by diathermy
inductothermy
by the dielectric losses
through warming up
through warming up
At the external irradiation of people most dangerously ....
gamma-radiation
alpha-radiation
a beta-radiation
D.
E.
121.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
122.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
123.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
124.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
125.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
126.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
127.
A. *
B.
C.
all of types of radiations are identically dangerous
radiation of hertzian waves of microwave range
A selection or absorption of energy are reactions of synthesis of atomic kernels?
In one reactions with a selection energy, in other with absorption
Only with absorption of energy.
This is depends on the relative acceleration of reactive particles
This is depends on relative speed of reactive particles
Only with a selection energy.
A selection or absorption of energy are reactions of breaking up of atomic kernels?
Only with absorption of energy
In one reactions with a selection energy, in other with absorption
This is depends on relative speed of reactive particles.
Only with a selection energy
This is depends on the relative acceleration of reactive particles
The kernel of atom consists of 90 protons and 144 neutrons. After emitting of two beta particles, and
then one alpha-particle this kernel will have: ...
90 protons and 140 neutrons
85 protons and 140 neutrons
87 protons and 140 neutrons
96 protons and 142 neutrons
90 protons and 142 neutrons
An alpha-particle belongs to to ....
to the mesons
it is not an elementary particle
to lepton
to hadron
to gluon
An atomic kernel consists of protons and neutrons. What pair of particles do nuclear attractive
powers operate between into a kernel?
Only 1
Act in all of three pair 1,2 and 3
Only 2
2 and 3
Only 3
From an atomic kernel the kernel of atom of helium took off as a result of spontaneous
transformation. Such transformation of atomic kernels is named ........ .
alpha decay
beta decay
gamma decay
by proton disintegration
by twoproton disintegration
In relation to the variable electromagnetic field a matter can be considered an explorer in case that
.......... .
amplitude of current of conductivity much more amplitude of current of displacement
frequency of the electromagnetic field behaves to the sound range
amplitude of current of conductivity much less amplitude of current of displacement
D.
E.
128.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
129.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
130.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
131.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
132.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
133.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
134.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
135.
frequency of the electromagnetic field belongs to to UHF to the range
amplitude of current of conductivity equal to amplitude of current of displacement
At beta-minus disintegration from an atomic kernel freed ....... .
an electron
proton
neutron
is a kernel of atom of helium
neutrino
At beta-plus disintegration from an atomic kernel freed .......
positron
antineutrino
a neutron
is a proton
kernel of atom of helium
At the internal irradiation of man most dangerously ...
alpha-radiation
is a gamma-radiation
a beta-radiation
all are identically dangerous
hertzian waves of microwave range
To find the quantum output of luminescence if number of luminescence quant
10Е-7
10E-6
10E-5
10E-4
10E-3
To find the quantum output of luminescence if number of luminescence quant Nl=10E+4, and
number of absorbed quantum of Na=10E+10
10Е-7
10E-6
10E-5
10E-4
10E-3
To find the quantum output of luminescence if number of luminescence quant
10Е-7
10E-6
10E-5
10E-4
10E-3
To find the quantum output of luminescence if number of luminescence quant
10Е-7
10E-6
10E-5
10E-4
10E-3
To find the quantum output of luminescence if number of luminescence quant
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
136.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
137.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
138.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
139.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
140.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
141.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
142.
10Е-7
10E-6
10E-5
10E-4
10E-3
To find the quantum output of luminescence if number of luminescence quant
10E-2
10E-1
10E-10
10E-8
10E-9
To find the quantum output of luminescence if number of luminescence quant
10E-2
10E-1
10E-10
10E-8
10E-9
To find the accumulated dose of Gamma - radiation, if power of dose of R = 5 micro Rad per hour
(µR/h), and time of irradiation of t = 1 hour:
2 µR
3 µR
4 µR
5 µR
6 µR
To find the accumulated dose of Gamma - radiation, if power of dose of R = 6 micro Rad per hour
(µR/h), and time of irradiation of t = 1 hour:
2 µR
3 µR
4 µR
5 µR
6 µR
To find the accumulated dose of Gamma - radiation, if power of dose of R = 7 micro Rad per hour
(µR/h), and time of irradiation of t = 1 hour:
7 µR
8 µR
9 µR
10 µR
11 µR
To find the accumulated dose of Gamma - radiation, if power of dose of R = 8 micro Rad per hour
(µR/h), and time of irradiation of t = 1 hour:
7 µR
8 µR
9 µR
10 µR
11 µR
To find the accumulated dose of Gamma - radiation, if power of dose of R = 9 micro Rad per hour
(µR/h), and time of irradiation of t = 1 hour:
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
143.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
144.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
145.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
146.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
147.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
148.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
149.
A.
7 µR
8 µR
9 µR
10 µR
11 µR
To find the accumulated dose of Gamma - radiation, if power of dose of R = 10 micro Rad per hour
(µR/h), and time of irradiation of t = 1 hour:
7 µR
8 µR
9 µR
10 µR
11 µR
To find the accumulated dose of Gamma - radiation, if power of dose of R = 11 micro Rad per hour
(µR/h), and time of irradiation of t = 1 hour:
7 µR
8 µR
9 µR
10 µR
11 µR
?Which of the following lenses will collect light beam in the focal point as light passes through the
lens?
Optical (refractive) power = +1 diopters
Optical (refractive) power = +2 diopters
Optical (refractive) power = +3 diopters
Optical (refractive) power = +4 diopters
Optical (refractive) power = -1 diopters
In a farsighted eye, a person, while reading, will have the image focused
Straight on the retina
In a front of retina
Behind the retina
in the lens
All anwswers are wrong
A farsighted person will need a _______ lens
Cylindrical
Converging
Diverging
Dispersing
All answers are wrong
In a shortsighted eye (myopia), a person, while looking into the distance, will have the image focused
Straight on the retina
In a front of retina
Behind the retina
in the lens
All anwswers are wrong
A nearsighted (shortsighted) person will need a _______ lens
Cylindrical
B.
C. *
D.
E.
150.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
151.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
152.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
153.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
154.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
155.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
156.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
Converging
Diverging
Collective
All answers are wrong
Cornea is located____
in the middle of an eye
behind retina
in a front of an eye
in a place where optic nerve is attached
behind eye lens
Which of the following is not part of the three layers of the eye?
Vitreous body
Choroid
Retina
Sclera
all are parts of the three layers of an eye
When person brings his/her eyeglasses to the ophtalmologist, this instrument can be used to check
their optical (refractive) power:
Keratometer
Lensmeter
Gonioscope
Tonometer
Phoropter
An optical power of a lens is ______
not the same as refractive power of a lens
can be measured in diopters
a measurement of intraocular power
is measured in meters and is the same as focal distance
all answers are wrong
What is NOT true about focal point of a lens?
it is located on optical axis
it is located on both sides of a lens
it is measured in diopters
it helps physics to decide where light rays would go after passing through the lens
all statements are true about focal point
This part of an eye is where light must focus to get a clear, sharp image
Retina (or fundus)
eye lens
cornea
pupil
There is no correct answer
The other name for retina is ____
Lens
Fundus
Ophtalmoscope
Lensmeter
E.
157.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
158.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
159.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
160.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
161.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
162.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
163.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
164.
Sclera
Which of the following lenses will disperse (send away) light beam from the focal point as light
passes through the lens?
Optical (refractive) power = -1 diopters
Optical (refractive) power = -2 diopters
Optical (refractive) power = -3 diopters
Optical (refractive) power = -4 diopters
Optical (refractive) power = +1 diopters
Light sensitive cells, rods and cones, are located in______
Retina
Cornea
Lensmeter
Human brain
human tears
When eye lens becomes cloudy, this condition is called _____
Myopia
Cataract
Glaucoma
Astigmatism
Farsightedness
When there is an increased intraocular pressure, this condition is called _____
Myopia
Cataract
Glaucoma
Astigmatism
Farsightedness
When a person cannot see well far away, and need diverging (dispersing) lenses, this condition is
called _____
Myopia
Cataract
Glaucoma
Astigmatism
Farsightedness
The amount of light passing through lens to the retina is regulated through
cornea thickness
pupil diameter
optic nerve movement
glaucoma
cataract
What is the purpose of human eyes?
to get information from the the environment;
for the perception of light;
to share information ;
to get information about the environment AND for the perception of light;
there is no correct answer.
The human eye has a the form :
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
165.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
166.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
167.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
168.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
169.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
170.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
171.
A. *
B.
C.
ideal sphere;
ellipsoid, very close to the sphere shape;
cube;
triangle ;
cubic triangkle.
What are Ophthalmoscopes used for?
for the study of the fundus (retina of an eye);
to study the lens of the eye ;
to study the cornea ;
to study the retina ;
to study the pupil of the eye.
What is medical screening ?
individual examination;
ophthalmic/eye disease;
mass screening of patients for disease;
correction of Rights;
there is no correct answer.
Sclera is a _____________
a middle layer/shell of an eye;
Front camera of an eye with a liquid ;
a phoropter;
Transparent body that resembles a lens ;
The outer shell/layer of an eye, that is opaque ;
Honiolens is a ..
Magnifying lens ;
Small lens ;
Contact lens applied to the cornea of the eye study to measure iridiocorneal angle;
Cylindrical glasses ;
There is no right answer ;
Tonometer - a device for ....
Weight measurement of the eye ;
Measuring the radius of the sclera of the eye ;
to measure magnifying ability of the eye ;
Measurement of eye pressure ;
Apparatus for manufacturing lenses;
What is called the visual analyzer of the human body ?
Hearing organ - ears;
Human eyes;
Taste Analyzer - tongue;
Olfactory Analyzer - the nose;
There is no correct answer ;
Optical device comprising a light source and intensive stereoscopic binocular biomicroscope is called
a ...
slit lamp ;
tonometer ;
ophtalmoscope ;
D.
E.
172.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
173.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
174.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
175.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
176.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
177.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
178.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
179.
A.
wavefront sensor ;
keratometer ;
What used to monitor the bottom of an eye, also known as retina or fundus?
ophthalmoscope;
slit lamp ;
pachymeter ;
goniolens ;
astigmatism ;
Which device is designed for non-contact measurement of intraocular pressure?
Slit lamp ;
Visual field analyzer ;
Pneumotonometer (air-puff tonometer);
Goldmann's tonometer;
Keratometer;
Which disease causes increase in intra ocular pressure ?
myopia ;
cataract ;
glaucoma ;
astigmatism ;
conjunctivitis ;
What is choroid ?
an outer layer of the eye ;
opaque partition;
iris ;
vascular (middle ) layer of the eye ;
internal lens of the eye ;
What is keratometer used for?
to determine the radius of curvature and refraction of the anterior surface of the cornea of eyes;
to determine the optical/refractive power of the lens ;
to determine the diameter of the pupil ;
to determine the ability of the retina ;
to determine the thickness of the sclera ;
Accommodation is The ability of the lens to change its shape ;
The ability of movement in sensory nerve ;
Failure to reshape the eye lens ;
Strict monochromaticity ;
There is no right answer.
One of the following is a device to study human eyes for diagnostic purposes:
Ophtalmoscope ;
X-ray Computed Tomography device ;
Galvanometer ;
Voltmeter ;
laser for tattoo removal;
How many shells/layers are there in the eyeball ?
1;
B.
C. *
D.
E.
180.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
181.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
182.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
183.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
184.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
185.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
186.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
2;
3 - Fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, and retina
4;
5;
What instrument is designed to measure intraocular pressure?
Tonometer ;
Gonioscope ;
Goniolens ;
ophthalmoscope ;
There is no right answer ;
Optical power of a lens is measured in ______
diopters and it is a reciprocal to the focal distance
meters and it is proportional to the focal distance
diopters and it is proportional to the focal distance
meters and it is reciprocal to the focal distance
is dimensionless and is internal property of an lens that cannot be calculated by any formula
Cornea is responsible for _____% of eye’s optical power
10
20
50
70
100
Eye accommodation is due to the
lens alone
lens and stromal portion of cornea
macula position adjustment
prescription eyeglasses only
cornea alone
Regulat slit lamp cannot be used directly for ophtalmoscopy because
pupils must be always dilated for ophtalmoscopy
of the refractive power of the ocular media
Light source in slit lamp is too bright
Light source in slit lamp is not monochromatic
Light source in slit lamp has incorrect monochromatic wavelength
Out of the two types of ophtalmoscopic exams, direct ophtalmoscopy produces
virtual inverted direct image of 2 to 5 times magnification.
virtual upright image of approximately 15 times magnification.
Real inverted direct image of 2 to 5 times magnification.
virtual inverted direct image of 15 times magnification.
real inverted direct image of 2 times magnification.
An instrument used to measure optical power of prescription lenses is called ______
ophtalmoscope
keratometer
gonioscope
pachymeter
lensmeter
187.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
188.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
189.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
190.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
191.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
192.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
193.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
194.
An instrument used to measure thickness of cornea is called______
ophtalmoscope
keratometer
gonioscope
pachymeter
phoropter
This instrument is used, in conjunction with a slit lamp or operating microscope, to gain a view of the
iridocorneal angle, or the anatomical angle formed between the eye's cornea and iris.
ophtalmoscope
electrooculograph
gonioscope
tonometer
phoropter
This device is used to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP), the fluid pressure inside the eye
ophtalmoscope
electrooculograph
gonioscope
tonometer
phoropter
This device is a diagnostic instrument for measuring the curvature of the anterior surface of the
cornea, particularly for assessing the extent and axis of astigmatism.
ophtalmoscope
keratometer
gonioscope
pachymeter
phoropter
This device uses polarised light to measure the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer as part of a
glaucoma workup
ophtalmoscope
keratometer
gonioscope
pachymeter
scanning laser polarimeter
Electrooculography differs from electroretinography by___
absence of electrodes in one of the methods
absence of stimuli of light sensitive cells
they are technically EXACTLY the same
type of lenses used in each device
none of the answers is correct
If the focal distance of a converging lens equals to 1 meter, the optical power of this equals to
+1 diopter
-1 diopter
+10 diopters
-10 diopters
none of the answers is correct
If the focal distance of a diverging lens equals to 1/3 meter, the optical power of this equals to
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
195.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
196.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
197.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
198.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
199.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
200.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
201.
A.
B.
+1/3 diopter
-1/3 diopter
+3 diopters
-3 diopters
+6 diopters
This instrument in ophthalmology uses ultrasound to access analyzed property.
ophtalmoscope
keratometer
gonioscope
pachymeter
scanning laser polarimeter
One of the following is incorrect about myopic eye:
it has excess of an optical refractive power
the eyesight can be corrected with diverging lens
it is caused by cataract or glaucoma
the image from a far-away object is focused in a front of retina instead of directly on it
it can be corrected with laser surgery LASIK
O.D. and O.S. in spectacle prescription refer to:
two types of lenses
ocular denstity and polarity
right and left eye
ocular distance and ocular symmetry
regular lens and astigmatic lens
This instrument is used to choose and prescribe correct lenses for patient’s eyeglasses, by putting this
instrument on a patient and changing lenses
lensmeter
keratometer
gonioscope
pachymeter
phoropter
This instrument is used to record eye movement
ophtalmoscope
electrooculograph
gonioscope
.electroretinograp
scanning laser polarimeter
D.V. O.D. = -3,5 D, N.V. O.D. = +2.5 D.
A person is a young person with left eye being myopic
A person is an older person with right eye being farsighted
a person is likely to be an older person who needs bifocal lenses prescribed for the right eye in order
to see far and close
a person might be of any age, having both nearsightedness and farsightedness in the left eye
the person is having severe astigmatism with both eyes affected.
Which of the following in spectacle prescription corrects for astigmatism refractive power?
OD
NV
C.
D. *
E.
202.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
203.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
204.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
205.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
206.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
207.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
208.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
spherical
cylindrical
axis
By the age of _____, the accommodation of an eye decreases to zero
40
50
60
70
80
Accommodation is used for _____
vision of objects located more than 7 meters away
far vision (object located far away)
both close and far vision
close vision (reading book)
vision of objects located more than 20 meters away
If a flash ERG (electroretinography) is performed on a dark-adapted eye, the response is primarily
from ______
cone system
rod system
cone and rod system
retinal macula
retinal blind spot
If a flash ERG (electroretinography) is performed on a light adapted eye, it will reflect the activity of
the _________.
cone system
rod system
cone and rod system
retinal macula
retinal blind spot
Vascular tunic of an eye is composed of
fibrous tunic
cornea and sclera
choroid, ciliary body, and iris
retina
conjuctiva
Glaucoma can be diagnosed with everything listed below except:
Tonomer
Ocular palpation (touching with fingers)
Gonioscope
Ophtalmoscopy
Keratomer
Cataract (lens turbidity/cloudiness) can be diagnosed with:
lensmeter
keratometer
slit lamp
gonioscope
E.
209.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
210.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
211.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
212.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
213.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
214.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
215.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
216.
A.
phoropter
Formula used as a principle for keratometer function is:
R= 2dIO
R=2d*(I/O)
R*D=I*O
R=2d*(O/I)
RDIO=2
Location where optic nerve is attached to retina and blood vessels are concentrated is called
optic disc or blind spot
it does not exist
macula
lens
yellow spot
The normal range for intraocular pressure as measured by tonometer is ____
1-10 mm Hg
10-21 mm Hg
21-30 mm Hg
31-40 mm Hg
41-50 mm Hg
When we have a patient with a farsighted eye, this person while reading, will focus the image from
the letters in the book ___
on the retina
in front of retina
behind retina
in the blind spot
half cm away from a lens
What cannot be true about the lens with optical power of +1 Diopter?
the focal distance is 1 meter
it can be used to correct near vision, such as reading a book, in a far-sighted person
it can be a biconcave lens
it can be biconvex lens
it will diverge light beams away from the optical axis after light passes through lens
What is not true about indirect ophtalmoscopy?
condensing lenses are required
examination distance is as close to an as possible, preferably touching it.
examination through gazy media is possible
stereopsis is present
it observes the fundus of an eye
Bifocal lens is ____
one lens with two focal points on the same optical axis
actually two lenses in one, having two parallel optical axis with a focal point on each
a system of two lenses, where optical axis are located perpendicular to each other
a lens with both sides having a focal shape
used to treat astigmatism
Why the patient is seated at approximately 6 meters (20 feet) during eye examination for myopia?
because it a standard distance, considering average size of ophthalmologist room
B. *
C.
D.
E.
217.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
218.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
219.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
220.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
221.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
222.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
223.
A.
B.
because it is considered an optical infinity, to characterize a far-away point
because it is considered an optical finite distance for myopic person, and person cannot see more far
than this distance
because myopic patients require books to check for close vision, which is usually very bad in
nearsighted people
because phoropter cannot correct eyesight of objects which are farther then this distance
The JCC (Jackson Cross-Cylinder) in phoropter is used for ____
to measure phorias
to measure vergences
to measure myopia
to measure astigmatism
to measure farsightedness
Risley prisms in the phoropter are used to measure
phorias and vergences
astigmatism
nearsightedness
farsightedness
nearsightedness and farsightedness
The optical drum in phoropter can increase/decrease optical power of lenses by a standard minimum
of ____
0.1 diopters
0.25 diopters
1 diopter
10 diopters
100 diopters
PD in eyeglasses prescription stand for
painfull distance
positive divergence
positive displacement
painfull disassembly
pupillary distance
Amount of light entering eye is regulated by ________ by changing ______diameter
cilliary body, pupil
iris, pupil
cornea, iris
pupil, iris
eyelid, iris
Please choose correct light passage through an eye.
Anterior chamber, cornea, iris/pupil, lens, vitreous fluid, retina
Cornea, vitreous fluid, iris/pupil, anterior chamber, lens, retina
Cornea, iris/pupil, anterior chamber, lens, vitreous fluid, retina
Cornea, lens, iris/pupil, anterior chamber, vitreous fluid, retina
Cornea, anterior chamber, iris/pupil, lens, vitreous fluid, retina
For a patient’s O.D. prescription, spherical is +2,5 D, cylindrical is empty.
It has a myopia
It has farsightedness
C.
D.
E.
224.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
225.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
226.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
227.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
228.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
229.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
230.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
The person can see well far
The person cannot read close
Converging lens is prescribed.
Eye accommodation by changing lense shape is done using
cornea
iris
retina
cilliary body
optic nerve
If an ophthalmologist doesn’t see red reflex during fundus examination by ophthalmoscopy, it may
indicate _____
glaucoma
cataract
retinal detachment
myopia
astigmatism
One of the possible contributors to astigmatism is _____
incorrect shape of an eyeball
cloudiness of eye lens
irregular shape of cornea
lack of sufficient intraocular pressure
deformed retina
the TSNIT graph in scanning laser polarimetry stand for ____
Temporal – Superior – Nasal – Inferior-Temporal.
Temporal – Superlative – Nervous – Internal – Temporal
Tunical – Superlative – Nervous – Inferior – Temporal
Tunical – Superlative – Nervous – Internal – Tunical
Tunical – Superior – Nasal – Inferior – Tunical
Electroretinography shows results in
milli- and micro- amperes
micro- and nano- volts
micro- and milli- ohms
milli joules
diopters
Two major structures of an eye that contribute to an optical/refractive power of an eye are:
lens and ciliary body
lens and anterior chamber
cornea and vitreous humor
cornea and lens
lens and optical nerve
Corneal Waveform (CWF) in eye diagnostics is used in
keratometers
tonometers
pachymeters
lensmeters
audiometers
231.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
232.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
233.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
234.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
235.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
236.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
237.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
238.
A.
B.
C.
A lens has an optical (refractive power) of +5 diopters. What is the focal distance?
1/5 meter
5 meters
2 meters
1 meter
Infinite
What is NOT true about diverging lens?
they are prescribed for myopia.
it refracts light rays away from the optical axis after light passes through lens
it can not be used to correct eyesight for near vision, like reading
it cannot be used to start a fire by passing light to the dry materials.
it has positive value of optical power
In a given equation for keratometer R=2d*(I/O), R stands for:
the Radius of the reflective surface
image size
object size
distance between the reflective surface and the object
no answer is correct
In a given equation for keratometer R=2d*(I/O), O stands for:
the radius of the reflective surface
image size
Object size
distance between the reflective surface and the object
radius of the external lens
In a given equation for keratometer R=2d*(I/O), d stands for:
the radius of the reflective surface
image size
object size
Distance between the reflective surface and the object
radius of the external lens
A lens has an optical power of +10 diopters. What type of lens is it?
Diverging with focal distance of 1/10 meter
Converging with focal distance of 1/10 meter
Diverging with focal distance of 1 meter
Converging with focal distance of 1 meter
Bifocal
Fibrous tunic of human eyes is composed of
sclera and cornea
choroid, cilliary body (muscles), and iris
retina
eye lens
sclera only
What is horizontal field of view of a human being, in degrees?
45
90
180
D. *
E.
239.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
240.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
241.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
242.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
243.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
244.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
245.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
260
360
What is a major drawback in using of Koeppe direct goniolens for eye gonioscopy?
the patient must be standing in order of a method to be applied
lubricating fluid is used for direct contact with human eye cornea
it requires radioactive isotopes
the patient must be laying down in order of a method to be applied
it requires expensive lenses which are damaged by light and must be replaced every time
Which of the following is not true about Goldmann indirect goniolens?
An ophthalmologist cannot use it together with a slit lamp
it is a truncated-cone like device that utilizes mirrors
Mirrors are used reflect the light from the iridocorneal angle into the direction of the observer
The small, curved front surface of the device does not rest on the cornea.
The device vaults over the cornea, with lubricating fluid filling the gap.
What is not true about slit lamp?
it helps ophthalmologist to observe anterior segment, or frontal structures, and posterior segment of
the human eye.
Observed structures include eyelid, sclera, conjunctiva, iris, natural crystalline lens, and cornea.
It uses high energy UV light beam to examine frontal structures and posterior segment of the human
eye.
It uses visible light to examine frontal structures and posterior segment of the human eye.
it is equipped with biomicroscope for magnification of the observed structures
Zeiss indirect goniolens differs from Goldmann indirect goniolens by
using four prisms instead of mirrors
using mirrors instead of prisms
measuring iridocorneal angle only on one side (prism)
not using slit lamp
none of the answers is true
Light sensitive cells, also known as __________, are located in __________of an eye, and help
transform an image into electrical signal sent to optic nerve.
rods and cones/retina
optic cells/lens
neurons/sclera
cardimyocytes/cilliary body
stars/optic nerve
Fundus of an eye is another name for the _______ of an eye
retina
sclera
lens
iris
cornea
An optical system of a human eye can be compared to
converging (collective) lens
diverging lens
bifocal lens
a regular glass where light rays pass through and do not change their direction
E.
246.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
247.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
248.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
249.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
250.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
251.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
252.
A.
B.
C.
optical prism
Which of the following is not part of the spectacle prescription?
sphere
cylinder
axis
pupillary distance
eye (iris) color
Refractive power of diverging lens is +1.0 diopters. What is the focal distance of this lens? (Point
means decimal point)
1 meter
1/2 meter
1/3 meter
1/4 meter
1/5 meter
Refractive power of a diverging lens is +2.0 diopters. What is the focal distance of this lens? (Point
means decimal point)
1 meter
1/2 meter
1/3 meter
1/4 meter
1/5 meter
Refractive power of diverging lens is +3.0 diopters. What is the focal distance of this lens? (Point
means decimal point)
1 meter
1/2 meter
1/3 meter
1/4 meter
1/5 meter
Refractive power of diverging lens is +4.0 diopters. What is the focal distance of this lens? (Point
means decimal point)
1 meter
1/2 meter
1/3 meter
1/4 meter
1/5 meter
Refractive power of diverging lens is +5.0 diopters. What is the focal distance of this lens? (Point
means decimal point)
1 meter
1/2 meter
1/3 meter
1/4 meter
1/5 meter
Refractive power of diverging lens is +6.0 diopters. What is the focal distance of this lens? (Point
means decimal point)
1/2 meter
1/3 meter
1/4 meter
D.
E. *
253.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
254.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
255.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
256.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
257.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
258.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
259.
A. *
B.
1/5 meter
1/6 meter
Refractive power of converging lens is -1.0 diopters. What is the focal distance of this lens? (Point
means decimal point)
1 meter
1/2 meter
1/3 meter
1/4 meter
1/5 meter
Refractive power of a converging lens is -2.0 diopters. What is the focal distance of this lens? (Point
means decimal point)
1 meter
1/2 meter
1/3 meter
1/4 meter
1/5 meter
Refractive power of converging lens is -3.0 diopters. What is the focal distance of this lens? (Point
means decimal point)
1 meter
1/2 meter
1/3 meter
1/4 meter
1/5 meter
Refractive power of converging lens is +4.0 diopters. What is the focal distance of this lens? (Point
means decimal point)
1 meter
1/2 meter
1/3 meter
1/4 meter
1/5 meter
Refractive power of converging lens is +5.0 diopters. What is the focal distance of this lens? (Point
means decimal point)
1 meter
1/2 meter
1/3 meter
1/4 meter
1/5 meter
Refractive power of converging lens is +6.0 diopters. What is the focal distance of this lens? (Point
means decimal point)
1/2 meter
1/3 meter
1/4 meter
1/5 meter
1/6 meter
The inverse to the focal length is called:
optical power of the lens
visual power of the lens
C.
D.
E.
260.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
261.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
262.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
263.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
264.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
265.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
266.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
linear increase in lens
energy luminosity
no correct answer
Optical power is measured in :
radians
meters
diopter
no correct answer
focal length
Every lens has a specific point, passing through which, a beam of light does not change its direction.
How is this point called?
optical center of the lens
main focus lenses
mental focus lens
no correct answer
dual focus
In geometrical optics by light beam we mean:
electromagnetic wave
stream of particles of light - photons
direction of propagation of light wave energy
no correct answer
flux quanta of energy
Thanks to the vision, a person receives a certain percentage of information from the environment:
More than 90 %;
Less than 90%;
80%;
99%;
Less than 50 %;
Retina - it is a ...
transparent body ;
inner lens ;
choroid ;
vitreous body;
no right answer ;
What instrument is designed to determine the field of view , faults inside it, and function of
peripheral vision ?
Perimeter ;
Tonometer ;
Gonioscope ;
Goniolens ;
Ophthalmoscope ;
Which device is designed to research eye field of view?
Perimeter ;
Gonioscope ;
Tonometer ;
Goniolens ;
E.
267.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
268.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
269.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
270.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
271.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
272.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
273.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
274.
A.
B. *
ophthalmoscope ;
Apparatus for the study of the visual field of view:
Campimetry and perimeters ;
Tonometer and kampimetr ;
Barometer ;
Helium - metal vapor lasers ;
The optical resonator ;
Methods of investigation of eye refractive power are :
Subjective and objective ;
Subjective ;
objective ;
Diagnostic ;
There is no right answer ;
Specify a device for the objective study of eye refractive power :
Ophtalmoscope ;
Synhontron ;
Ondumeter ;
Magnetron ;
The optical resonator ;
Specify the transparent parts of the eye :
Anterior chamber , lens , vitreous body ;
The retina , anterior chamber , lens ;
Iris , lens , vitreous body ;
Cornea , retina, yellow spot ;
Choroid, lens , optic nerve ;
Optical power of a lens is measured in ______
diopters and it is a reciprocal to the focal distance
meters and it is proportional to the focal distance
diopters and it is proportional to the focal distance
meters and it is reciprocal to the focal distance
is dimensionless and is internal property of an lens that cannot be calculated by any formula
Cornea is responsible for _____% of eye’s optical power
10
20
50
70
100
Eye accommodation is due to the
lens alone
lens and stromal portion of cornea
macula position adjustment
prescription eyeglasses only
cornea alone
Regulat slit lamp cannot be used directly for ophtalmoscopy because
pupils must be always dilated for ophtalmoscopy
of the refractive power of the ocular media
C.
D.
E.
275.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
276.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
277.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
278.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
279.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
280.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
281.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Light source in slit lamp is too bright
Light source in slit lamp is not monochromatic
Light source in slit lamp has incorrect monochromatic wavelength
Out of the two types of ophtalmoscopic exams, direct ophtalmoscopy produces
virtual inverted direct image of 2 to 5 times magnification.
virtual upright image of approximately 15 times magnification.
Real inverted direct image of 2 to 5 times magnification.
virtual inverted direct image of 15 times magnification.
real inverted direct image of 2 times magnification.
An instrument used to measure optical power of prescription lenses is called ______
ophtalmoscope
keratometer
gonioscope
pachymeter
lensmeter
An instrument used to measure thickness of cornea is called______
ophtalmoscope
keratometer
gonioscope
pachymeter
phoropter
This instrument is used, in conjunction with a slit lamp or operating microscope, to gain a view of the
iridocorneal angle, or the anatomical angle formed between the eye's cornea and iris.
ophtalmoscope
electrooculograph
gonioscope
tonometer
phoropter
This device is used to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP), the fluid pressure inside the eye
ophtalmoscope
electrooculograph
gonioscope
tonometer
phoropter
This device is a diagnostic instrument for measuring the curvature of the anterior surface of the
cornea, particularly for assessing the extent and axis of astigmatism.
ophtalmoscope
keratometer
gonioscope
pachymeter
phoropter
What property can be used to get polarized light?
magnetostriction;
electrostriction;
photoeffect;
light diffraction;
E. *
282.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
283.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
284.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
285.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
286.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
287.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
288.
A.
B.
double refraction.
The vectors of the waves of electromagnetic radiation of the electric field E and the magnetic field H
are in the planes ...
that form a 30 degree angle;
that form a 45 degree angle;
that form a 60 degree angle;
that are parallel;
that are mutually perpendicular.
Find transmission coefficient, if the initial intensity I0 = 10, and the intensity of light that passed
through the medium is I = 6
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Find transmission coefficient, if the initial intensity I0 = 10 , and the intensity of light that passed
through the medium is I = 1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Find transmission coefficient, if the initial intensity I0 = 10, and the intensity of light that passed
through the medium is I = 2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Find transmission coefficient, if the initial intensity I0 = 10, and the intensity of light that passed
through the medium is I = 3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Find transmission coefficient, if the initial intensity I0 = 10, and the intensity of light that passed
through the medium is I = 4
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Find transmission coefficient, if the initial intensity I0 = 10, and the intensity of light that passed
through the medium is I = 5
0.1
0.2
C.
D.
E. *
289.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
290.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
291.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
292.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
0.3
0.4
0.5
Find transmission coefficient, if the initial intensity I0 = 10, and the intensity of light that passed
through the medium is I = 7
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Find transmission coefficient, if the initial intensity I0 = 10, and the intensity of light that passed
through the medium is I = 8.5
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.95
0.21
Find transmission coefficient, if the initial intensity I0 = 10, and the intensity of light that passed
through the medium is I = 9.5
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.95
0.21
Find transmission coefficient, if the initial intensity I0 = 10, and the intensity of light that passed
through the medium is I = 2.1
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.95
0.21